AN ENCYCLOPADIA 
n 
245 
OF HORTI CULTURE. 
LEAF - ROLLERS. By this name are denoted | Lebeckia—continued. 
the larve of insects belonging to several different or- | only species now in gardens is L. cytisoides: Some of 
ders, and all of which may cause considerable injury to 
the trees and shrubs in gardens. To herbaceous plants 
they are less hurtful. The larvae dwell in tubes, formed 
of the inrolled leaves, and are thus well protected against 
assaults from without. Many of them have the habit, 
when the plant on which they live is smartly shaken, 
of crawling from the leaf-tube, and lowering themselves, 
by a thread of silk, till the dreaded danger is past, 
when they pull themselves up by the thread, and re- 
enter the tubes. Advantage may be taken of this habit 
to shake them on to a sheet laid below; and from this 
they can be collected for destruction. The leaf is re- 
tained in an inrolled form by means of numerous short 
cables of silk, passing from surface to surface of the 
roll. Sometimes, the silk is fixed before the leaf has 
opened originally; but, in other cases, the larve have 
been seen at work fixing the threads and drawing the 
leaf into position. In the smaller proportion of cases, 
the inrolling of the leaf is due to swelling on one sur- 
face, brought about by the irritation caused by the 
action of the indweller or indwellers. The damage 
done may be confined to suction of the tissues in the 
interior of the tube, or these parts may be eaten away, 
and the leaf may thus be killed. The leading forms of 
Leaf-rollers are: (1) Moths, for the most part belonging 
to the group of Tortrices. The insects seldom reach 
lin. in spread of wings; but they are at times so numerous 
as to more than make up for their small size individually. 
Their wings are generally rather broad, and are usually 
dark or some shade of brown. Some species almost strip 
trees of their foliage, e.g., Tortriz viridana on Oaks. 
(2) The leaves of several of the cultivated Willows have the 
margins rolled in to form tubes, the agents being larvæ 
of Sawflies of the genus Nematus, or else Gall-midges, 
belonging to the Cecidomyide. (3) Certain Mites also, 
of the genus Phytoptus, roll the margins of the leaves 
of some kinds of plants, so as to form narrow tubes, in 
which they live for protection. Few cultivated plants 
have the leaves rolled by these Mites; though Hawthorn 
and Sloe occasionally have their leaves a good deal 
injured in this way. 
LEAFPSTALK. The (unexpanded) base of a leaf, 
connecting it with the stem. ; 
LEAFY. Covered more or less with leaves; of the 
consistency of a leaf. 
LEATHER JACKET. A common name for tho 
grub of the Crane Fly (which sce). 
= LEATHER-WOOD. See Dirca palustris. 
LEAVENWORTHIA (named in honour of M. C. 
Leavenworth, an American botanist, who died in 1862). 
ORD. Crucifere. L. Michauæii thrives in any ordinary 
garden soil, and succeeds best when treated as a half- 
hardy annual. Propagated by seeds, sown in the open 
border, in spring, 
L. aurea (golden) is quoted by Dr. Asa Gray as a m 
it is described, however, as having yellow 3 . 
desirable variety, from à garden standpoint. : 
Michauxii (Michaux’s). f. rosy-lilac, with a yellow eye, 
freely produced on erect scapes. June. J. slender, lyrately- 
pinnatifid, tufted. A. 5in. United S , 1868. (B. M. 5730.) 
LEBANON, CEDAR OF. See Cedrus Libani. 
-LEBECKIA (said to be derived from the native 
name of some of the species). ORD. Leguminose. A 
genus containing about twenty-four species of greenhouse 
Shrubs, all natives of Southern Africa. Flowers yellow, in 
terminal, often unilateral racemes; bracts and bracteoles 
Small and inconspicuous. Leaves linear-filiform, one to 
three-foliolate. Branches unarmed, slender, or much- 
and spinescent, glabrous or silky. Perhaps the 
the plants formerly included here are now placed under 
Aspalathus, &. For cultivation, see Aspalathus. 
L. cytisoides (Cytisus-like). . bright yellow, large, on spreading 
Tongish pedicels. May. . long-stalked, trifoliolate; leaflets 
linear-oblong, silky, canescent. h. 2ft. to Aft. (B. M. 1699, under 
name of Crotalaria pulchella). 
LEBRETONIA. Included under Pavonia (which see). 
LECANIUM. Included under Trichomanes (which 
` see). 
LECANOPTERIS. 
(which see). 
LECHENAULTIA. See Leschenaultia. 
LECYTHIDEÆ. A tribe of Myrtacew. 
LECYTHIS (from lecythos, an oil-jar; in allusion to 
the shape of the seed-vessels). ORD. Myrtucew. A large 
Included under Polypodium 
genus (sixty-four species have been described, but not 
so many are entitled to specific rank) of stove trees, some- 
times very large. They are confined to tropical - mostly 
Eastern—America. Flowers often rather large, disposed 
in simple or paniculate, axillary, terminal racemes; calyx 
segments and petals six, rarely four, the former imbri- 
cated. Fruit coriaceous or woody, globular or cupuli- 
form, furnished at top with a lid, which falls off when 
the fruit is ripe. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, entire 
or serrate, dotted. Few of the spevies are known to 
cultivation. They thrive in a mixture of loam and sand, 
and require a strong heat. Propagation may be effected 
by cuttings of the ripened wood, inserted in sand, under 
a glass. Under the name of Sapucai Nuts, the seeds 
of L. Zabucajo are sold in our shops as a substitute for 
Brazil nuts, to which they are far superior. 
te very bart’; pelicels. (ince, suites ta Me Reece ata 
April. fr. ovate, nearly globose, 4in. to Sin. in diameter; seeds 
edible and very palatable. l. petiolate, oval, acute, quite entire, 
stiff. h. 60ft. to 80ft. Cayenne, 1824. 
LEDEBOURIA. Included under Scilla (which see). 
LEDENBERGIA (a commemorative name). ORD. 
Phytolaccaceew. A monotypic genus, the species being a 
very ornamental-leaved stove climbing shrub. It thrives in 
a compost of rich loam and leaf mould, and requires 
ample drainage and plenty of pot room. Propagated by 
cuttings, placed in sandy loam, under a hand glass, in 
gentle bottom heat. 1 i i 
L. roseo-ænea (rosy-bronze). fl. whitish, small, inconspicuous, 
disposed in long, drooping, axillary racemes. l. large, alternate, 
thick, obovate-lanceolate, dark shining coppery -green on the 
upper surface, and bright rosy-violet colour beneath. Stems and 
branches reddish-purple. Central America, 1869. (I. H. 591.) 
LEDOCARPUM. A synonym of Balbisia (which 
see). í 
LEDUM (from Ledon, the ancient Greek name used 
by Dioscorides for the Cistus). Labrador Tea. Syn. 
Dulia. ORD. Ericaceœ. A small genus (four or five 
species) of very ornamental, dwarf, hardy evergreen 
shrubs, inhabiting the Frigid and Arctic regions of the 
Northern hemisphere. Flowers white, disposed in many- 
flowered terminal umbels; petals five, obovate, obtuse, 
spreading; stamens five or ten, rarely six or seven, ex- 
serted; pedicels bracteate at base. Leaves alternate, 
shortly petiolate, linear or oblong ; margins recurved, 
entire, rusty underneath, coriaceous. Like most other 
so-called American plants, the species succeed best in well- 
drained beds of peat and leaf mould, to which sharp sand 
or road grit should be added. Propagated by seeds, but 
principally by layering, in sandy-peat soil, and by cure- 
ful divisions of established plants in autumn and winter. 
Raising and establishing young plants takes some con- 
siderable time to accomplish, When transplanting 
Ledums, it is necessary to keep the ball of earth surround- 
ing the roots as intact as possible. 
