AN ENCYCLOPADIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 261 
Libertia - continued. 
paniculata (panicled). H., clusters umbel - like; perianth 
segments ovate, spreading; panicle oblong, loose, and irregular, 
often occupying half the stem. April. “. almost radical, grass- 
like, flaccid, 9in. to 18in. long, and mostly about zin. broad. Stem 
lft. to 2ft. high, with sometimes a short leaf below the inflo- 
rescence, Australia, 1823. (B. M. 6263.) 
L. pulchella (pretty). A., perianth segments narrower than in 
L. paniculata, and more nearly equal; rachis of the cluster often 
somewhat elongated, and sometimes a ee e cluster from 
the axil of the same bract ; scape or peduncle from under Gin. to 
nearly 12in. long. April. J. rarely 6in. long, and two to three 
lines broad, often not above half that size. h. 1ft. Australia, 1823. 
LIBOCEDRUS (from libanos, incense, and Cedrus, 
the Cedar; referring to the fragrant wood). Incense 
Cedar. ORD. Conifere. A genus comprising eight spe- 
cies of handsome hardy or half-hardy evergreen trees, 
with the habit of Thuya (under which the present genus 
was formerly included). Two are natives of Chili, two of 
New Zealand, and one each of New Caledonia, Japan, 
China, and California. Flowers moncecious, or male 
and female on same plant, but separate and terminal; 
male catkins almost cylindrical; female ones solitary 
and globular. Leaves scale-formed, compressed in oppo- 
site pairs, and in four imbricated rows, the under and 
upper ones much the smallest. Cones oval, more or 
less obtuse, woody, composed of from four to six scales, 
which are flat, or slightly concave on the inner face. 
For culture, see Thuya. 
chilensis (Chilian). J. glaucous-green, oblong-trigonous, 
appressed, obtuse. Branches compressed, spreading, pendulous, 
but somewhat ascending towards the summit, and quite erect at 
the beg cones zin. long, drooping, on short footstalks. R. Oft. 
to 80ft. Chili. This handsome, densely-branched, conical tree 
is not hardy except in favourable situations, and only attains a 
shrub-like aspect. The wood possesses an aromatic fragrance, 
and is very hard and yellowish. Syn. Thuyaæ chilensis, See 
Fig. 404. (L. & P. F. G. i. 47.) A variety known as viridis is a 
handsome form of the type, having bright green foliage, and 
branchlets entirely devoid of glaucous bands, 
L, decurrens (decurrent).* J. bright rich poy green, small, 
linear, scale-like, quadrifariously imbricated, acute at the free 
apex, with long decurrent base, elongated on the older branches. 
ranchlets numerous, alternate, and plaited or flattened late- 
rally. cones erect, solitary, on the ends of the appa branchlets, 
lin. or more ie i wide, olive-brown. . (in its native 
habitat) 40ft. to 140ft. Sierra Nevada Mountains of California. 
A handsome, distinct, erect, compact-growing tree, with a stout 
ee d 5 : 
Fic. 405. FRUITING BRANCHLET OF LIBOCEDRUS DONIANA. 
Libocedrus—continued. 
trunk, distinguished by its glandless decurrent leaves and 
1884. 181.) habit. SYN. Thuya gigantea, of gardens. (W. & F. 
L. Doniana (Don’s). /. very like those of L. chilensis, but more 
closely set on the branchlets, and without any silvery line on the 
under surface. Branches spreading, tortuous, with flattened 
fern-like branchlets. R. 30ft. to 70ft. New Zealand, 1847. A very 
beautiful species where it can thrive well, but itis exceedingly 
tender in our climate. SYN. Thuya Doniana. See Fig. 405. 
L. tetragona (four-sided). J. small, ovate, scale-like, obtuse, 
pale green, imbricated in four rows. Branches spreading, de- 
pressed ; branchlets ity N cones consisting of six coriaceous 
scales, in three pairs. A. 40ft. to 80ft. Patagonia, 1849. A hand- 
some, compact, pyramidal shrub or tree, more hardy than the 
others generally. It is, however, rarely seen in our gardens. 
Syn. Thuya tetragona. (G. C. 1850, 439. í 
LIBONIA (named after M. Libon, a traveller in 
Brazil). ORD. Acanthaceæ. This genus is now included, 
by Bentham and Hooker, under Jacobinia; but, as the 
plants are well known by the former name, their cul- 
ture, &c., are here given. Libonias, when well grown, 
are very ornamental and free-flowering plants for green- 
house decoration. They are readily propagated by cut- 
tings, inserted in any close frame during spring and 
early summer. L. floribunda is a species largely grown 
for winter flowering—a purpose for which it proves a 
very useful subject. Old plants, from which it is 
intended to propagate, should be placed in a little 
heat, early in spring, to start new growth, and the 
cuttings should then be inserted in sandy soil, and 
kept close until rooted. They may be potted off singly 
afterwards, and grown, throughout the summer, in a 
frame, where plenty of air may be admitted, to induce 
a sturdy and short-jointed growth. Turfy loam, with 
about its bulk of leaf soil, or well-decayed manure, 
added, is a suitable compost; and 5in. or 6in. pots are 
generally large enough for the plants to flower in. A 
light shading may be applied in hot weather; but full 
sun must be admitted in early autumn, to thoroughly 
ripen the wood for flowering. Some persons prefer plant- 
ing out in frames, early in June, in prepared soil, and lift- 
ing again in autumn. If kept close for a few days, after 
being potted up, the plants soon become re-established, 
and the plan answers well, Old plants may be cut 
back after flowering, and grown, under similar routine 
treatment, several years in succession. It is advisable 
to raise a few young ones annually, for replacing any that 
a ee E 
become leggy. Läbonias require an intermediate tem- 
perature when flowering; they must also be kept well 
watered, or the result will be a loss of nearly all the 
leaves. Red spider frequently attacks them, and, when 
once allowed a footing, is only with difficulty eradicated. 
Frequent syringing throughout the summer will generally 
prove an effectual preventive against much injury being 
caused. 
L. floribunda fl. scarlet, yellow tipped, 
tubular, drooping, very abundant; calyx five-cleft; corolla 
funnel-tubular ; limb erect, & tic-oblong. Brazil, 
1862. A very ornamental plant. (B. H. 1863, 2.) 
(Penrhose).* elegant plant, obtained by 
i wi eee Ghies- 
flowers 
t is an 
(bundle-flowered).* 
LICHENS. These are thalloid plants, which live 
attached to stones, or the bark of trees, or on the ground. 
Their growth is extremely slow, and their period of exis- 
tence considerable. They consist of two structural ele- 
ments: (1) Filaments, or hyphæ; (2) green cells, or gonidia 
(which may be solitary, in groups, or in chains), These 
elements may be arranged in layers, or irregularly inter- 
mixed. In form, Lichens present the following modifica- 
tions, viz.: (1) Cr in which the whole under 
surface is firmly a 
(2) Foliaceous are attached by 
= 
firmly adherent to the body upon which it grows; 
: s are 0 many small processes from 
the under side, called rhizines; (3) Fruticose generally 
