302 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
LUPINUS (the old Latin name used by Virgil and 
Pliny ; said to be derived from lupus, a wolf; on account 
of the plant being supposed to destroy the fertility of the 
soil). Lupine. ORD. Leguminose. Of this genus over 
eighty species have been described, but some of them are 
very variable in our gardens. They are mostly hardy or 
half-hardy annual or perennial herbs and sub-shrubs, 
rarely shrubs, numerously dispersed in America, especially 
in the West, but rarer within the tropics, except in 
mountainous regions. In the Old World, the genus is 
represented only by a few annuals in the countries near 
the Mediterranean. Flowers blue, purplish, or variegated, 
rarely yellow or white, in sparse terminal racemes or in 
approximate whorls, often very handsome; calyx deeply 
two-lobed. Pods very frequently silky -villose, two- 
valved. Leaves simple, or digitately five to fifteen or 
many -foliolate, rarely trifoliolate; stipules adnate to 
the base of the petiole. All the Lupines are of very 
easy cultivation in moderately good garden soil. The 
seeds of the annuals, which are among the most orna- 
mental of summer-flowering plants, may be sown, in 
the open border, during April or May. The peren- 
nials may be increased by seeds, in the same manner as 
the annuals ; or by dividing the stronger-growing plants, 
during March or April. Comparatively few true species 
are seen in cultivation, as they are almost super- 
seded by the numerous and beautiful hybrids. There is 
scarcely a single species of this large genus which can 
be considered as worthless in a flower-garden. Those 
described below are hardy, unless otherwise specified. 
—— (allied). A. deep blue. June. A. Qin. California, 1848. 
L. albifrons (white-herbaged). A synonym of L. Chamissonis. 
acute, pubescent beneath. North America, 1793. Plant shrubby. 
(B. M. 682; B. R. 24, 32.) 
L. arboreus (tree).* Tree Lupine. fl. yellow, f Š; hat 
verticillate, pedicellate. — 2 Èi leaflets 6 
L. arbustus (shrub-like). A synonym of L. lawiflorus. 
L. aridus (arid). f. purplish-blue ; upper lip of calyx bifid, lower 
one entire, August — September. F leaflets etiara Aan 
v h. lft. North America, 1827. Perennial. (B. R. 1242.) 
LUPINUS (MUTABILIS) CRUIKSHANKII, showing Habit 
and detached Portion of Inflorescence. 
I. bimaculatus (two-spotted). A synonym of L. subearnosus. 
L. Chamissonis (Chamisso’s). ft. blue, verticillate, in long, 
slender racemes. September, Z, leaflets obovate-oblong, — 
ps ~ s Stem oe — with 8 
‘3 J Californi: . Perennial. SYN. L. albifron 
BR. 5 aN 
L. grandifolins (large-leaved). A synonym of L. polyphyllus. 
L. us (loose-flowered). f. with the vexillum and tips of 
the wings blue, but the keel and base of the wings reddish ; calyx 
entire, saccate at the base, upper lip bifid, lower one longer, 
FI. 478. 
ovate, and i August and September. “., leaflets 
linear-lanceolate. I. lft. to 1jft. North America, 1826, Peren- 
nial, (B. R. 1140.) SxN. L. arbustus (B. R. 1230). 
L. lepidus (charming)* fl. with the vexillum purplish-blue inside, 
Lupinus — continued. 
with a white spot at the base, and pale outside; wings purplish- 
blue; keel dark purple at the apex. August and September. 
l., leaflets lanceolate, silky on both surfaces. A, 6in. North 
America, 1826. Perennial. (B. R. 1149; L. B. C. 1980.) 
L. leptophyllus (slender-leaved). H. violaceous, disposed in 
loose pedunculate racemes, somewhat verticillate; calyx pu- 
bescent, with both lips entire, and about equal in length, the 
upper one broadest. J., leaflets linear, acute, with a few silky 
hairs on both surfaces. h. 1ft. to 3ft. Mexico. Perennial. 
L. leucophyllus (white-leaved).* fl. pink, alternate, pedicellate, 
bracteolate, disposed in long racemes. June to November. l., 
leaflets seven to nine, oblong-lanceolate; stipules subulate, 
woolly. h. 2ft. to 3ft. North America, 1826. Plant very villous, 
Perennial. (B. R. 1124.) Syn. L. plumosus (B. R. 1217). 
Fic. 479. FLOWERING BRANCH OF LUPINUS NANUS. 
L. littoralis (seashore-loving). „. purplish-blue ; both lips of 
calyx entire. June to October. “., leaflets five to seven, linear- 
spathulate, silky on both surfaces. h. 1ft. North America, 1826. 
Perennial. (B. M. 2952; B. R. 1198.) Syxs. L. nootkatensis 
Sruticosus (B. M. 2136), and L. versicolor (B. R. 1979). 
L. luteus (yellow).* AH. yellow, f nt, verticillate, sessile, brac- 
teolate. June to Au l., leatiets seven to nine, oblong, lower 
gust. 
ones obovate. H. lft. to lift. South Europe, &c., 1596. Annual. 
SYN. L. odoratus. (B. M. 140.) 
Fig. 480. LUPINUS NOOTKATENSIS, showing Habit, detached 
Flower, and small Leaf. 
L. macrophyllus (large-leaved). A synonym of L. polyphyllus. 
L. microcarpus (small-fruited). ji. blue; whorls about six- 
flowered ; calyx without appendage ; upper lip emarginate, lower 
bifid. April. Z, leaflets nine or ten, lanceolate, hairy on under 
cua on upper. h. 1}ft. North America. Annual. 
L. mutabilis (changeable).* N. large, somewhat verticillate ; the 
— white, mixed with blue, changing to blue, with a large 
yellow mark in the centre; wings white, faintly striated; keel 
bee yo June nc org J., leaflets seven to nine, glaucescent 
ther pu i 5 
South pubescent beneath, lanceolate, bluntish. h. Sft. 
ca, 1819. A handsome, half-hardy, erect, branched 
