AN ENCYCLOPADIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 323 
MANDRAGORA (the old Greek name used by 
Hippocrates). Mandrake. Orp. Solanacew. A genus 
comprising three or four species of hardy perennial, 
almost stemless, herbs, with large thick roots, inhabiting 
the Mediterranean region. Flowers pale bluish-violet, 
whitish or purplish, large, reticulately veined; corolla 
campanulate, somewhat five-fid; lobes rather broad, flat, 
imbricated. Berry globose. Primordial leaves of the 
stem abbreviated, sub-radical, petiolate, large, undulated 
or sinuate-toothed; older ones often narrower and entire. 
The species are chiefly of botanical interest, and scarcely 
merit a place in the garden. They thrive in a deep, 
light soil, and in a shady situation. Propagated by 
seeds, or by divisions of the root. 
ser. ii. 325.) 
M. officinalis (officinal). A synonym of M. vernalis. 
M. vernalis (spring).* Devil's Apples. f. white or bluish. 
May. J. oblong-lanceolate and ovate, acute, Ift. long, undula 
h, Ift. South Europe, 1548. See Fig. 511. 
MANDRAKE. See Mandragora. 
MANETTIA (named after Xavier Manetti, Prefect 
of the Botanic Gardens at Florence in the middle of the 
eighteenth century). Syns. Bellardia, Conotrichia, Guag- 
nebina, Lygistum, and Nacibea. ORD. Rubiaceæ. A genus 
of thirty species of very ornamental, stove, evergreen, 
herbaceous or suffruticose climbers, natives of tropical 
America and sub-tropical Australia, allied to Bouvardia. 
Flowers white, blue, or red, on axillary peduncles; corolla 
funnel-shaped, with a terete tube and a hairy throat; 
peduncles one or many-flowered, Leaves ovate-oblong, 
or sub-cordate; stipules broad, short, acute. The species 
are of easy culture in a compost of peat, loam, and sand, 
in equal parts. Many are exceedingly useful for grow- 
ing on a trellis, a rafter, or pillar, pruning occasionally 
where very strong growth is made. Propagation is 
effected by cuttings, made of the young shoots, and in- 
serted in a sandy soil, in bottom heat. 
M. bicolor (two-colotred). f. bright scarlet at the lower portion, 
— towards the apical part of the tube, solitary and axillary. 
J. lanceolate, tapering to a point, bright green, opposite. 
Organ Mountains, 1843. (F. d. S. 61.) 
M. coccinea (scarlet). fl. having a white tube spotted with red, 
a throat closed by yellow hairs, and four oval-acute lobes, which 
are scarlet and villous above; peduncles axillary, racemose, few- 
flowered. May and June. l. ovate, acuminated, glabrous, shining. 
Branches tetragonal. French Guiana, 1806. (B. R. 693.) 
M. cordifolia 
inside ; pe 
3 (B. M. 3202.) ; 
micans (glitteri nge, with yellowish lobes; 
panicles Laie’ wey a. AN winter. * . 
cordate at the base, bright shining green, on very short petioles. 
Magna, Peru, 1865. A very handsome, strong-growing species, and 
one of the best in cultivation. (B. M. 5495.) 
MANGEL WURZEL (Beta vulgaris macrorhiza). 
A cultivated race of Beta vulgaris, largely grown as 
fodder for cattle. 
MANGIFERA (from Mango, the Hindoo name of 
the fruit, and fero, to bear). ORD. Anacardiacee. A 
genus containing less than fourteen species of stove 
evergreen trees, natives of tropical Asia. Flowers pedi- 
cellate, in branched terminal panicles; calyx four or 
five-partite; petals four or five, spreading, imbricated. 
Fruit sub-reniform or ovoid, fleshy. Leaves alternate, 
petiolate, simple, entire, coriaceous. The Mango-tree, 
M. indica, is sometimes seen in this country, and its 
fruit has been occasionally grown to perfection. It 
thrives best in a compost of peat and rich loam. Pro- 
pagated by cuttings of nearly ripened shoots, inserted 
in sand, under a glass, and in bottom heat. 
M. indica (Indian). Mango-tree. fl. whitish, streaked with 
yellow, disposed in loose terminal bunches or panicles. July. 
IMangifera—continued. 
Jr. somewhat kidney-shaped, yellowish and 
with biack when folly foe aoa moni Oak a hee ieee 
juice. 
MANGLESIA. Included under Grevillea (which 
see). 
8 A synonym of Myrsine (which 
see). 
MANGOSTANA. A synonym of Garcinia (which 
see). 
MANGOSTEEN. See Garcinia Mangostana. 
MANGO-TREE. See Mangifera indica. 
MANGROVE. See Rhizophora. 
MANICARIA (from manica, a glove; referring to 
the spathe which surrounds the flower stem). Syn. 
Pilophora. ORD. Palme. This genus comprises two 
or three species of robust, unarmed, stove palms, natives 
of tropical America, from Northern Brazil to New 
Grenada. Flowers yellowish-pink, rather large, sweetly 
scented; spadix interfoliaceous. Leaves terminal, large, 
rigid, sub-erect, lanceolate, acute, plicate-nerved, serrate, 
at length pinnatisect. M. saccifera, probably the only 
species yet introduced, inhabits the tidal swamps of the 
Lower Amazon River, and is distinguished from nearly 
all other palms in the leaves being entire, or occa- 
sionally irregularly split when old. A rich sandy loam 
is necessary for its culture. Propagated by seeds, which 
should be sown in a strong, moist heat. 
M. saccifera (bag-bearing). < of separate sexes borne u the 
same spike; spikes ro ed ranched, from ft. to aft. long, 
hanging down among the leaves, and inclosed in an entire brown 
‘spathe of a tough fibrous texture, which is at length split open. 
fr. three-lobed, covered with blunt angular tubercles of-a dry, 
corky nature. J. simple, sometimes 30ft. long, and 4ft. to 
wide, with coarsely serrated edges, and transverse — stiff, 
erect upon the summit of the stem. Trunk re nged, 
from 15ft. to 20ft. in height. South America, 1 
MANIHOT (the Brazilian name of the genus). 
Syns. Janipha, Mandiocca. ORD. Euphorbiace. A 
genus comprising about eighty species of mostly green- 
house tall herbs or evergreen shrubs, all natives of 
America, and, for the most part, Brazilian; a few being 
dispersed through the warm regions as far as Mexico. 
Flowers usually rather large, racemose, monœcious, apeta- 
lous; racemes terminal, or in the axils of the upper 
leaves, simple, or slightly branched. Leaves alternate, 
petiolate, undivided, or often digitately three to seven- 
lobed or parted; segments petiolate or variously con- 
fluent, membranaceous or coriaceous. feather-veined, en- 
„ utilissima, Cassava; or Mandiocca meal, is obtained. 
The root of the former plant is sweet and wholesome, and 
is utilised as a vegetable in its native country; but that 
of M. utilissima is virulently poisonous and bitter. The 
poisonous juice is, however, expressed in the process of 
manufacture, and, when allowed to settle, deposits what 
is known as Brazilian Arrowroot, or Tapioca. From this 
the Tapioca of our shops is prepared. The species are 
of little horticultural value. 
young, rather 
a bell glass, in bottom heat. 1 
g This ers from M. utilissime 
M. Aipi (Aipi). Sweet et roddich roots. 
in having wholesome, s 
; U ellowish; calyx five-lobed or 
M. utilissima me to fre (or — patied, glaucous beneath ; 
segments oblong-lanceolite or late, acuminate, quite entire. 
Stel a rane from long, thick, fleshy, cylindrical roots, erect, 
— somewhat tv h. 3ft. South America, 1739. (B. M. 
3071, under name of Janipha Manihot.) 
MANNA ASH. See Fraxinus Ornus. 
MANNA-TREE. ‘ce Alhagi. 
