AN ENCYCLOPAEDIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 327 
Maranta—continued. 
M. pinnato-picta (pinnately-marked). A synonym of Calathea 
applicata. 
M. Porteana (Porte’s).* L. oblong-acuminate, bright green on the 
upper side, striped with transverse bars of white; under surface 
rich purple. h. 3ft. Bahia, 1859. An elegant, erect-growing 
species. 
M. regalis (regal). A synonym of Calathea ornata regalis. 
M. roseo-lineata (rosy-lined). A synonym of Calathea ornata 
roseo-lineata. 
„ picta (rosy-painted). A synonym of Calathea roseo- 
picta. 
M. sagoriana (Sagorian).* J. oblong, very pale green, marked on 
each side the midrib with oblong-oblique bars of deep green. 
South America, 1862. A pretty dwarf perennial. 
M. smaragdina (emerald-green).* J. emerald-green, with a dark 
green central stripe. Ecuador, 1870, SxN. Calathea smaragdina. 
M. striata (streaked). J. about Sin. long, and 2in. wide, pale 
green, profusely streaked and striped with white and pale 
yellow. k. 6in. Philippines. A very desirable dwarf-growing 
species, 
M. tessellata Kegeljani (Kegeljan’s checkered). A synonym 
of Calathea bella. 
MARANTEZ. A tribe of Scitaminee, 
MARASMIUS (from marasmos, withering; on ac- 
count of the plants being dry and leathery). A genus 
of Mushrooms characterised by not decaying readily, but 
by being so tough and leathery in all their parts that, 
after being quite dried, they can resume their form when 
again moistened. The cap is fixed to the stalk by the 
middle of the lower surface, and the gills are tough, 
and are not incised at all. The species are rather 
numerous. They are usually of small size. The best- 
. known species in the genus is M. oreades (the Cham- 
; pignon or Fairy-ring Mushroom), common on lawns as 
one of the Fungi that make the so-called Fairy Rings. 
Fie. 512. MARASMIUS OREADES. 
This Mushroom (see Fig. 512) varies from lin. to 2in. 
across the cap, and is provided with a stalk about 2in. 
or 3in. long. It is smooth above, and rather moist, 
striped at the margin, and pale reddish. The gills are 
nearly white. It has an agreeable odour, and is much 
as an article of food. 
MARATTIA (named after J. F. Maratti, an Italian 
botanist, who published, in 1760, a book, De Floribus 
Filicum”). Including Ewpodium and Gymnotheca. ORD. 
Filices. A well-marked genus, comprising about eight 
species of stove or greenhouse evergreen ferns, extending 
all round the world within the tropics, and a little beyond 
the Southern one. Capsules sessile or stalked, four to 
twelve, concrete in boat-shaped synangia, which con- 
sist of two opposite rows of capsules, and open by 
slits down their inner faces. The species are strong- 
growing, distinct, and very ornamental, and thrive best 
in a compost of equal parts loam, peat, and river sand. 
Marattia—continued. 
If Marattias are grown in a stove fernery, they should 
be placed partially in the water; being swamp-loving 
plants, they will grow more luxuriantly in such a situa- 
tion. For general culture, see Ferns. 
M. alata yoy ag sti. 1ft. to 2ft. long, lin. or more thick, scaly. 
fronds 3ft. to Aft. long, tripinnatifid, the lower pinne the la est, 
the ultimate divisions żin. to Zin. long, about jin. broad, oblong, 
the edge serrate or crenate; under surface more or less chaffy. 
synangia copious, sub-marginal, half a line to three-quarters of a 
line long, the sides erect, the attachment oblong or roundish, 
West Indies, &c., 1793. A very handsome plant, perhaps the 
best of the genus, thriving well in the cool fernery or conserva- 
tory. SYN. Gymnotheca alata. 
attenuata (attenuated). sti. 3ft. to 4ft. long, smooth. fronds 
3ft. to 4ft. long, tripinnate; pinnæ 1}ft. to 2ft. long, lower ones 
with a stalk 6in. long, and two or three pinnules on each side, the 
latter with a terminal segment and three or four on each side, 
which are 4in. to 6in. long, lin. or more broad, 1 — serrated, 
base cuneate, lower ones short-stalked ; surfaces ed; rachises 
not winged. synangia sub-marginal, the sides vertical ; receptacle 
linear, Australia, 1863. Greenhouse. 
M. cicutzefolia (Cicuta-leaved), sti. 1ft. to 2ft. long, 
smooth. fronds 5ft, to 6ft, long, be gece lower pinne, lft. to 
hig long, often lft. broad; * es oblong-lanceolate, din. to 
6in. long, lin. broad, edge entire or se ý cuneate or 
slightly rounded ; surfaces naked; rachis of pinnae slightly winged 
tow: the apex. synangia ashort distance from the edge, deep- 
cleft. Brazil, 1878. Stove. SYN. Gymnotheca cicutæfi 
M. elegans (elegant). This is a mere form of M. 
fraxinea (ashen). sti. 1ft. to 2ft. long, lin, to Uin. thick, 
smooth, scaly and swollen in the lower part. Jronds 6ft. to 15ft. 
long, bipinnate or bana tripinnate ; æ lft. to 2ft. long, 
often 1ft. broad; pinnules oblo: lanceolate, Ain. to 6in. long, zin. 
to ljin. broad, the apex acuminate, the edge entire or serrulate, 
the base cuneate or slightly rounded ; surfaces naked, synangia 
usually sub-marginal, in close rows, half a line to one and a half 
lines long, the sides vertical, the receptacle linear, with from six 
to twelve capsules on each side. Guinea Coast. Stove, “ From 
this,” remarks Mr. J. G. Baker,“ we cannot separate clearly man: 
lants which have been regarded as distinct, of which the fol- 
owing are believed to be in cultivation: M. purpurascens, 
a reduced, fleshy form, as if grown in a very exposed situation ; 
the fronds not more than from 3ft. to Aft. high ; lower pinnules 
often cut down to a distinctly-winged is. M. 5 
innules sharply toothed throughout, often only jin. to ĝin. 
— synangia with about six capsules on each side, not so 
close or so near the edge. 
M. Kaulfussii (Kaulfuss’), sti. 2ft. to 3ft. long, thick, naked. 
fronds ift. to Aft. long, quadripinnatifid ; the lowest pinne much 
the largest, all except the lowest pair pinnatifid, 1ft. or more 
bin. to 8in. broad; pinnules Sin. to Ain. long, the rachis very dis- 
Sel ings acne, tac aB 
synangia a three-quarters 
long, not — 25 deeply cleft, the sides ultimately spreading. 
West Indies, &c. Stove. Syn. ELupodium Kaulfussti. cae z 
, smooth. fronds sev et 
long, bipinnate ; lower pinne 1}ft. to 2ft. long, often lft. broad ; 
lin. thick, 
edge inciso-crenate, the base cordate; surfaces naked ; e 
slightly winged towards the apex. aranga auite close to tbe 
edge, three-quarters of a line to one the sides always 
erect, the attachment linear. Mexico, Stove. SYN. Gy p 
M. purpurascens (purplish). A form of M. fraxinea, ais = 
the part which bears it is perfected, but withering long 
before that time; e.g., flowers of Lobelia, Orobanche, &. 
MARCGRAVIEZ. A tribe of Ternstremiacee. 
AIL. A common name for Hippuris 
MAREST. 
vulgaris (which see). 
MARGYRICARPUS (from margaron, pearl, and 
karpos, a frait; resemblance in white fruit). Pearl 
Fruit. Orp. Rosacew. A small genus (three species) of 
branched, rigid, leafy shrabs, of which one is broadly dis- 
persed over the temperate regions of South America and 
the Andes of Patagonia, Brazil, and New Granada, another 
inhabits Chili, and a third Peru. Flowers small, incon- 
spicuous, solitary the axils, sessile. Leaves alternate, 
crowded, imbricated, variable. The undermentioned 
species is a pretty little hardy evergreen, well suited 
for the rockery; and should be so planted that its 
branches can rest on a dark-coloured stone, which will 
: show up. the fruit to advantage. A rich, light soil—such 
