` 
400 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Mushrooms—continued. 
them on one or both sides against the walls, and a path 
down the centre; or, the beds placed above each other in 
the middle, and a path allowed all round, a plan sometimes 
adopted in span-roofed houses (see Fig. 618). In Fig. 619 a 
section of lean-to Mushroom house is represented, where 
OM 
Fic. 618. SECTION OF SPAN-ROOFED MUSHROOM HOUSE, 
provision is made for placing three beds one above the 
other. Two are usually enough in a house of any shape, 
unless it is very lofty, as a greater space is then avail- 
able for making up and ramming each bed separately, 
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Fig. 619. SECTION OF LEAN-TO MUSHROOM HOUSE. 
No light is necessary for the Mushrooms; but provision 
should be made for admitting it, to see how to work, 
and darkened shutters may be placed against the win- 
dows at other times. The temperature should be kept 
as near as possible at 50deg., to suit the beds that are 
bearing; the heat of other beds may be regulated by 
coverings of litter, or by movable shutters made to rest 
Fic. 620. MUSHROOM Por. 
on 
the | 
xed 
bed and retain its heat. Mushrooms are sometimes 
fixed ledges Sin. above the surface, so as to inclose _ 
Mushrooms—continued. 
successfully grown on a small scale in tubs or in large 
pots, as shown in Fig. 620, where A represents the 
loam on the surface, B the place for inserting some 
spawn, which would, however, be much better distributed 
in small pieces, and C the prepared manure. Good re- 
sults are not unfrequently obtained by this method; but 
itis not worth practising where a more extensive plan 
can be adopted. 
MUSE. See Mimulus moschatus. 
MUSK BEETLE (Aromia moschata). This insect is 
of rather large size (lin. to 1ljin. long), and belongs to 
the group of Longicornia, or long-horned beetles. The 
antenne are eleven-jointed, and, in the male, are longer 
than the body. The beetles are readily recognised by 
the smell of musk emitted by them (whence their 
popular name), and by their colour, which is shining 
metallic green on the body, passing into blue-black on 
the legs and antenne. They can make a sound by rub- 
bing the neck-shield on the meso-thorax. These insects, 
where common, as they are in various parts of the South 
of England, do great damage to Willows, by feeding, as 
larvee, for several years in the stems of the older trees. 
The larve may grow to the size of over lin. long, by 
zin. broad. They are yellowish in colour, with darker 
plates and folds on certain parts, and are somewhat de- 
pressed in form, broadest just behind the small head, 
thence tapering gradually. The segments are well 
marked off from one another by constrictions. By 
means of powerful jaws, the larve are able to feed on 
the wood, and often cause the trees to decay. When 
full fed, they form cocoons in their galleries, and there 
change into pupæ. The beetles emerge in July and 
August, and may be found on Willow stems, or, in fine 
weather, flying around the trees. 
Remedies. The beetles should be collected and de- 
stroyed. The larve may occasionally be exterminated 
by means of a sharp wire pushed into the holes; or by 
paraffin, or some other insecticide, injected from a syringe. 
Trees which are much infested should be destroyed. 
MUSK MELON. See Cucurbita moschata. 
MUSK ORCHIS. See Herminium. 
MUSS EN DA (a name applied by the Cingalese to 
some of the species). ORD. Rubiacee. This genus com- 
Tat 
Fic. 621. Muss&NDA MACROPHYLLA. 
