AN ENCYCLOPADIA OF HORTICULTURE. 
401 
Mussenda—continued. 
prises about forty species of mostly stove shrubs or sub- 
shrubs, rarely herbs, erect or twining, natives of tropical 
Africa, Asia, and the Pacific Islands. Flowers yellowish, 
rarely white, in many-flowered terminal corymbs; corolla 
funnel-shaped, with a five-parted limb and a villous throat. 
Fruit ovoid, fleshy, naked at the apex from the calyx 
being deciduous. Leaves ovate, petiolate, villous or 
glabrous. Several of the species are cultivated chiefly on 
account of the large coloured floral leaves or bracts, which 
are formed by the enlargement of one of the calyx seg- 
ments. Mussændas are of easy culture in a compost of 
peat, loam, and leaf mould, in equal proportions, to which 
may be added a small quantity of silver sand. Propa- 
gated, during May or June, by cuttings, inserted in 
sandy soil, under a bell glass, in heat. The four under- 
mentioned species are probably the only ones now in 
cultivation, 
M. frondosa (leafy). fl. yellow; tube of corolla one-third longer 
than the calyx. May to September. l. stalked, oval-lanceolate, 
and, as well as branches, pubescent. h. 3ft. Trop Asia, 1805. 
Erect shrub. (B. R. 517; B. M. 2099, under name of M. pubescens.) 
M. luteola (yellow).* fl. bright yellow, with an orange centre, lin. 
long, slender, the bract-formed calycine leaf zin. long, and pure 
white; corymbs terminal, trichotomous. Autumn and winter. 
l. almost sessile, ovate-lanceolate, acute, nerved, tomentose 
beneath. R. 5ft. to 6ft. N Africa. A very pretty, erect, 
eee shrub. (B. M. 5573.) 5 
macrophylla (large. leaved). orange, in terminal, trichoto- 
mous corymbs ; large segment . pat white. July and August. 
l. ovate, downy. Stem simple, 3 h. 6ft. Tropical 
1845. Shrub. See Fig. 621. (B. R. „ 24.) 
M. pubescens (downy). A synonym of M. frondosa. 
M. uniflora (one-flowered). f. white, sweet-scented, solitary, with 
along tube. l. opposite, cordate-ovate, sub-sessile. Stem slender. 
Cochin China, &c., 1883. A pretty, vigorous, and free-fiowering 
herb, suitable for basket culture. 
MUSSCHIA (named after J. H. Mussche, once 
Director of the Botanic Garden at Ghent, which he cata- 
logued in 1810). Orp. Campanulacee. A genus com- 
Prising @ couple of species of greenhouse, erect, perennial 
herbs or sub-shrubs, natives of the island of Madeira. 
Flowers large, in pyramidal panicles ; corolla yellow or 
ochre-coloured; calyx lobes of a like colour, or livid 
purple. Radical leaves large, dentate; cauline ones 
smaller or few. Musschias thrive in well-drained wisn 
and are propagated by seeds, sown in a gentle 
bottom heat, 5 
M. aurea (golden) - fl. golden-yellow, erect, in loose panicles. 
Summer. 7. crowded, glabrous, lanceolate, dentate. Stem short, 
e h. lft, to 2ft. 1577. SYN. Campanula aurea. (. . 
Wollastoni (Wollaston’s ellow-green, large, 1jin. 
An long: * Nb oblo „ acuminate ; corolla tube 
cylindrical, shorter than “the linear recurved lobes; es 
„Jin. long, revolute at apex npa erect, 2ft. hig ao 
wards, with spr branches. l. flaccid, lft. to 2ft. ciel 
: purplish, oblong-lanceolate, ta to a broad sessile 7. 
` doubly serrate, suce towards the middle. h. Aft. to 6ft. 1857. 
(B. M. 5606.) ; : 
MUSSEL SCALE. See Apple Mussel Scale. 
MUSTARD (Sinapis alba). As a small salading at 
any time of the year, Mustard is largely cultivated for 
use along with Common Cress (Lepidium sativum). It 
18 a hardy annual, a native of Britain, and may be raised 
in any quantity from seed, in the way recommended for 
(see Cress, Garden). The seeds germinate quicker 
than those of Cress, consequently the latter should be sown 
about three days in advance, in order that the produce 
both may be in the proper condition for cutting at 
the same time. The common White Mustard is the one 
m general use as a salad plant; but this, as well as the 
Black (Sinapis ni is extensively cultivated for its 
seed, V constitutes the table 
Mustard of commerce. . 
MUSTARD, HEDGE. See Erysimum. 
MUTICOUS. Pointless. 3 
nam J. E U 8, i > 
South eee ee kee, s Orp. Composite. A genus 
VoL. IL 
Mutisia—continued. y 
of about thirty-six species of stove, greenhouse, or hardy, 
erect or climbing shrubs, natives of the Andes or extra- 
tropical South America, with a few Brazilian. Flower-heads 
purple, rose, or yellow, large, solitary, terminal, peduncu- 
late; involucre usually cylindrical, with broad imbricated 
scales; receptacle naked; pappus of long feathery bristles. 
Leaves alternate, entire or pinnate, often terminating in 
a tendril. The stove and greenhouse species, which are 
not often seen in cultivation, thrive best in a rich, stiff, 
loamy soil; and may be propagated, in May, by cuttings 
of half-ripened shoots, placed in sand, under a bell glass, 
in gentle bottom heat. The hardy sorts do well grown 
against a sunny wall, in the open air, and in a moderately 
good soil; they are also increased, during spring, by cut- 
tings, treated as above mentioned, but without bottom 
heat. The species best known to cultivation are described 
below. 
M. arachnoidea (cobweb. like). /l.-heads red, solitary. July. 
J. pinnate; leaflets six or seven, ovate-lanceolate, very acute, 
sessile, cobwebbed beneath, terminated by a large branchi 
220507 Brazil, 1824. Stove climber. Syn. M. speciosa. (B. 
M. Clematis (Clematis). .-heads rich red, large. l compound, 
with from seven to nine pairs of leaflets, ending in a branched 
tendril. Stems somewhat angular and slender, 20ft. to 30ft. in 
height. New Grenada, 1859. A distinct species, probably hardy 
in the Southern Counties of England, (B. H. 1864, 5.) 
M. decurrens (decurrent).* N- deep orange, din. to 6in. 
across, on stalks 6in. to 12in. long; outer florets from twelve to 
twenty, rather long, narrow, reflexed. June to August. l. lanceo- 
late, glaucous, with a tendril. Stems few, slender, twining. 
Chilian Andes. A handsome hardy perennial, thriving best when 
grown in partial shade, and against a wall. (B. M. 6273; F. d. S. 
) 
M. ilicifolia (Holly-leaved). fl.-heads varying in colour from 
white to deep rose, rather small. Summer. J. dark green, Holly- 
like. Stems slender. South America, 1832. A very handsome 
stove or greenhouse climber. (B. M. 6009.) A 
M. latifolia (broad-leaved). _jl.-heads pink and yellow. Autumn. 
l, eordate-oblong, dentate-spinose, woolly beneath, witha petiole. 
Stems with broad leafy mne Valparaiso, 1832. A handsome 
and singular, hardy or half-hardy, evergreen, climbing shrub, 
thriving best in a dry soil, and against a wall. (S. B. F. G. 
ser. ii. 
M. speciosa (showy). A synonym of M. arachnoidea, 
MYANTHUS (from myia, a fly, and anthos, a flower; 
in reference to its appearance when dried). Flywort. 
ORD. Orchidee. A group of orchids, distinguished by 
having two tendrils at the base of the column, instead of 
at its apex, as in Catasetum (with which genus it is now 
united). Plants have been found bearing flowers of the 
three supposed genera—viz., Catasetwm, Monachanthus, 
and Myanthus—on one spike. 
MYCELIUM. The name given to the vegetative 
part of fungi as contrasted with the reproductive organs. 
Fungi, except the lowest forms, are made up chiefly of 
long, slender threads, composed of rows of cells placed 
end to end; these threads usually branch, and are 
interwoven, so as to form a tissue that seems frequently 
composed of cells united in the way observed among 
other plants, though really only a false parenchyma. 
A good many kinds of fungi, supposed to be sent, 
are really barren Mycelium only. Hence, wit wider 
information, several of the genera have had to be in- 
cluded as mere forms of other groups. Mycelium is 
usually easily detected in the cells of parts attacked 
by a fungus. Occasionally, the presence of Mycelia 
alters the colour of the wood, e.g., Peziza @wruginosa so 
colours the wood that it becomes coppery-green. See 
goe i af F is Von Mygind, 1710 
INDA (named after Francis Von My 5 x 
ee 3 Syn. Rhacoma. e neer 
KETE A genus comprising about eight species o stove 
head glabrous or pilose shrubs, natives of tropical 
p rite Brasil excepted) and Chili. Flowers small or 
a at the tips of the seit n xg eee, W 
i uncles, or sub-solitary, o in fours; 
cymose ped N 33 
