WINDERMERE CHARR. 137 



and when in best condition. The plan adopted by Air. Parnaby at his fish-breeding estab- 

 lishment, is to place the ova after impregnation, not with gravel in boxes, but between the 

 spaces of slips of glass fitted into an oblong framework, as below, the whole being in a trough, 



through which fresh water constantly but quietly flows. The advantages of this method are : 

 (i) facility in counting the eggs; (2) easy detection and ready expulsion of blind or unfertilized 

 eggs ; (3) the rough edges of the glass enable the young fish to extricate themselves more 

 readily from the &^<g membrane. In this way Mr. Parnaby succeeds in rearing many thousand 

 young Charr every season ; as well as large numbers of that lovely American Charr, Salnio 

 fontinalis, one of the most beautiful of all the species, and one which highly deserves culti- 

 vation in our own country. 



The Windermere Charr is thus described by Dr. Giinther — the two most important points 

 in which this species differs structurally from the allied Welsh species I print in italics. — "Body 

 compressed, slightly elevated, its greatest depth being one fourth of the distance of the snout 

 from the end of the middle caudal rays. Head compressed, interorbital space convex, its width 

 being less than twice the diameter of the eye. Jaws of the male of equal length anteriorly ; 

 teeth of moderate strength, four in each intermaxillary, twenty in each maxillary. Length 

 of the pectoral less than that of the head, much more than half the distance between its root 

 and that of the ventral ; the ba%e of the pectoral is entirely free, and not overlapped by the gill- 

 cover apparatus ; the nostrils are situated immediately before the eye; the posterior is the wider, and. 

 the cutaneous bridge between the two is not developed into a flap. The scales are thin and small, 

 those on the back rudimentary and hidden in the skin. The colour on the sides of the back 

 is a dark sea-green, passing into blackish on the back, on the greater part of the dorsal and 

 caudal. Sides with a slight silvery shade, passing into a beautiful deep red on the belly. 

 Pectoral greenish, passing into reddish posteriorly, the upper margin being white; ventral red, 

 with white outer margin, and with a blackish shade within the margin ; anal reddish, with a 

 blackish shade over the whole of the middle, and with white anterior margin ; sides of the 

 head silvery, lower parts minutely dotted with black." I may remark that the white margins 

 of the pectoral, anal, and ventral fins are very conspicuous in living specimens of these Charr 

 as seen when swimming in the water. 



I am indebted to my friend Mr. T. J. Moore, Curator of the Museum, Liverpool, for a 

 female specimen, eleven and a half inches long; and to Mr. John Parnaby for a male speci- 

 men of the same length. Perhaps this s about the ordinary size, but I have seen specimens 

 in Mr. Parnaby's tanks which measured as much as seventeen inches in length. One speci- 

 men of about this size had been in confinement eight years; it seemed in good health, but 

 was blind. 



Charr love cold water; which, for their successful breeding, should not exceed a tempe- 

 rature of 37° Fahr. 



The fin-ray formula is 



Dorsal 12—13. 

 Pectoral 13 — 14. 

 Ventral 9 — 10. 

 Anal 12. 



