14 SCIENCE PROGRESS 



graphy. Now, however, we first take photographs and then 

 measure them ; but the project would be incomplete without full 

 measures and charts. An illustration may be given of the risk 

 involved in using one of these methods alone from the practice 

 of Egyptian surveyors. They have been accustomed by cen- 

 turies of tradition to enter their measurements of land in books 

 without proceeding to make a map. It is only within the last 

 few years that the Egyptian survey under Captain Lyons made 

 maps for the first time of the landed property in Egypt ; and 

 when these beautiful maps were exhibited in Cairo thousands 

 of landowners saw their property thus represented for the first 

 time. When the maps came to be made the disadvantages of 

 the old plan soon became apparent ; some pieces of land had 

 been recorded twice over while others had been omitted alto- 

 gether. We can readily understand how this can happen in 

 mere numerical records, though it is not so easy to understand 

 how some individuals became reconciled to pay taxes as an 

 annual consequence twice over; that some should have failed 

 to resent their escape from taxes altogether is more intelligible. 



{To be continued) 



