122 SCIENCE PROGRESS 



desired end can be attained. The workshops should be 

 furnished with good tools and the metal-workers encouraged 

 to come and use them for their own work. Gradually they 

 would discover the value of such appliances and it would 

 not be long before they found a way of getting them for them- 

 selves. Very small factories are already common in the trade 

 and the lines along which development will naturally take 

 place are clearly indicated. 



Artistic Handicrafts. — The art industries of India have declined 

 chiefly because the wealthy Indian patrons have disappeared 

 and all that is wanted to revive them is an appreciative market. 

 There are signs that the frequent exhibitions now held in 

 various parts of India have done something to create a new 

 interest in these old arts and it is probable that the Swadeshi 

 movement has strengthened it. In Madras, the Victoria 

 Memorial has taken the form of a hall in which a permanent 

 exhibition of the art handicrafts of the Presidency are exhibited, 

 A large fund is available for the purchase of good specimens 

 of the various crafts ; when these are sold new commissions 

 are given and a much-needed stimulus to the production of 

 only the best work provided. It is too early to say what 

 the ultimate result of this novel method of dealing with the 

 decadence will be, as it has not yet developed to its full 

 extent ; there is justification for the hope that it will be a 

 success. The collections are steadily increasing in size and 

 in artistic merit and attract purchasers, who will buy a thing 

 they can see and admire but who formerly would not give 

 orders because there was no certainty either as to the date 

 on which they would be completed or as to the quality of 

 the work put into them. 



Tools and Machinery. — The manufacturing engineers and 

 mechanicians have devoted themselves mainly to the design 

 and production of machinery as automatic as possible in its 

 action and with as large an out-turn as possible. This tendency 

 has encouraged industrial concentration. In India all work is 

 done by manual labour or with the assistance of cattle ; water 

 power is only available and to but a limited extent in the hills ; 

 wind power has never been used, as over the greater part of the 

 country the energy of the winds is too slight and of too variable 

 a character to be of any value. The oil j engine, when of small 

 size, is much more economical than a steam engine of the same 



