294 THE PAXORPOID COMPLEX, 1., 



(2) Much more commonly, and especially noticeable in the 

 families Lppfocerid(P- and Sericostvmatiche, is a type of coupling 

 whicli T propose to term multihamidate (Text-fig. 9). In this, 

 the row of hairs along the costa of the hindwing becomes special- 

 ised, for a greater or less length, by the de\'elopment of the hairs 

 into stiif hooks, which grapple the anal margin of the forewing, 

 and so bring about a very perfect form of wing-coupling. Tliis 

 type will be recognised as that which also occurs universally 

 throughout the Order Hymenoptera. 



Text tig. y. 



Row of booklets developed along the middle portion of the costal margin 



of the hindwing in Otcefi-s sp., (Australia); ( x 83). 



There are many genera in this Order in which certain of the 

 macrotrichia become developed into series of large, stiff bristles, 

 closely resembling those of a typical frenulum. These most 

 frequently occur along the main veins, or portions of them. 

 Bearing this in mind, I have searched very carefully for a true 

 fienulum in this Order, but I have not succeeded in finding one. 

 In tlie males of the remarkable and highly specialised genus 

 Plectrotarsits, whose systematic position within the Suborder 

 Inaequipalpia is still a matter of dispute, I have found a set of 

 two or three strong bristles in the position of the frenulum. But 

 they are absent in the female, and they play no part in the 

 coupling of the wings, which is of an advanced amplexiform type, 

 with the jugal lobe quite small and non-functional. In two other 

 very spiny genera, viz., Chimari'ha, and an unnamed Australian 

 genus having whorls of numerous spines upon the tibite, there 

 are also stiff" bristles in the position of the frenulum, at least in 

 the males. Those of the former genus are long and slender, and 

 are arranged in two or more irregular rows, quite unlike a true 

 frenulum; while those of the latter are also very long and slender, 

 irregularly placed, and lying flat along the wing, parallel to the 

 costa. In neither case do they play any part in wing-coupling. 



