BY R. .1. TILLYARD. 301 



I propose, therefore, to designate the kind of wino-coupHng 

 apparatus found in tliis famil}^ as Jugo-frenatt\ 



Apart from the speciahsation shown in the actual nnderfolding 

 of tlie jugal lobe, and the consequent alteration in the direction 

 of tlie frenular bristles, so as to lie more nearly parallel with the 

 costa of tlie hindwing, it will at once be seen that this type of 

 coupling is the exact homologue of that found in the older Orders 

 ^lecoptei-a and Planipennia. It agrees more closely with the 

 latter, since both have lost the jugal bristles; but differs from it 

 in the larger number of frenular bristles, and in the less definite 

 development of the humeral lobe. 



Thus we come to the logical conclusion, that the archaic jugo- 

 f renate type, found in the older Orders of the Panorpoid Complex, 

 is represented, at the very base of the Lepidoptera, by a some- 

 what more specialised jugo-f renate type, in which the retinacular 

 nature of the jugal lobe, already existing in the Planipennia, is 

 more accentuated by nnderfolding, so that the fienular bristles 

 are held in a firmer grasp. 



Having now fully reviewed the position in the Micropfn'i/c/irhf, 

 we may pass on to consider the more specialised families. 



Families H E p i A L i d je and P k o t o t h e o r i d ^ . 

 (Plate XXX., fig.5, and Text-figs. 11-1 2). 



In the J/ppia/id(f, I have studied all the Australian genera 

 available, together with the Pala^arctic genus IL-piahift, of which 

 I possess a number of specimens. In the FrofofJiPorichf, 

 through the kindness of Dr. Pc'ringuey, Directoi* of the South 

 African Museum, Capetown, I have received two specimens for 

 study, one of which proved to belong to Mr. Meyrick's Proto- 

 tht'ora pplroHoma (9), while the other appears to represent a new 

 species, not yet described. 



The typical piyum found in the great majority of the Hepi- 

 alidd-, and also in the genus Prototlipora, is shown in Text-fig. 11, 

 and also in Plate xxx., fig.o. It is a long and fairly stiff finger- 

 like process (in most species carrying very long and abundant 

 hairs), which projects well below the costa of the liindwing 

 during flight, and engages it in a strong finger-and-thumb grip. 

 22 



