302 



THE PANOKPOID COMPLEX, 1., 



The resulting flight is, in most cases, exceedingly swift and 

 strong; indeed, there is one Australian species common enough 

 about Sydney, Perisspctii< ausfralasice Don., in which the males 



fly so swiftly as to be 

 almost invisible, and 

 are most difticult to 

 catch. One has onl}^ 

 to watch, too, the man- 

 ceuvres which both 

 sexes carry out during 

 courting, to be con- 

 vinced that dexterity 

 Text-fig. 11.* of flight is carried very 



far in this family, and is certainly not surpassed by the greater 

 number of Heteroneurous forms. We may, therefore, regard 

 this true jugate type as a high specialisation, very superior to the 

 jugo-frenate type of the Micro2)terygidce. 



In the genus Prototheora, I find no difference from the typical 

 jugate type of the Hppialidcf. The jugum is long and narrow, 

 and the costa of the. hind wing is quite devoid of bristles. 



In the new (undescribed) species of the Prototheoridce which I 

 examined, there is a more primitive type of jugum, in the form 

 of a triangular lobe, only slightly more prominent than that to 

 be seen in many Trichoptera. As in this latter Order, this lobe 

 does not act as a true jugum, but appears to rest upon the upper 

 surface of the hindwing, just overlapping the costa. I do not 

 know^ whether this character is a constant for this species, having 

 only examined one specimen. It should be noted that, in study- 

 ing a long series of HepialidcE, a very similar development mani- 

 fests itself occasionally in one or both wings, especially in the 

 genera Charagia and Poriiia. Such occasional developments are 

 to be regarded as strictly atavistic, and indicate the evolution of 

 the highly specialised J^i^itwi from the o\dev jug cd lobe. 



* Wing- coupling apparatus in Charagia eximia Scott, viewed from 

 beneath, with hairs removed; ( x 12): j, jugum; j*'^, jugal sinus. [Cf. Plate 

 XXX., fig.o). 



