602 THE STEMS OF CLIMBING PLANTS, 



Suljclass i, DICOTYLEDONES. 



1. Normales. — The stem shows a single cambium-ring, with 

 the wood and bast of each bundle lying along the same radius, 

 the exterior outlime of the bast approximating to a circle. 

 Type, CirJospermum paniculatum F.v.M. 



2. Chiastoxylon. — A single zone of cambium, with anomalous 

 distribution of tissues in young stems into four rays, each of alter- 

 nating wood and bast, the bast reaching (a) partly to the pith, 

 or (h) stopping short of it. T^^pe 2 (<x), Bignonia Tiveediana 

 Lindl., 2(6), B. jncta Lindl. 



3. Astroxylon. — Normal cambium, with definite and continu- 

 ous separation of fibro-vascular bundles by means of pluriseriate 

 medullary rays, that present, in transverse section, a stellate 

 arrangement. Type, Carroiiia multisepaJea F.v.M. 



4. Endophloia.— Besides the normal bast, a second develop- 

 ment of bast occurs at the inner margin of the ring of wood, 

 forming bicollateral bundles. Type, Bryonia lo.ciniosa Linn. 



5. Exoeyela. — Besides the normal cambium-ring, new cam- 

 bium-zones appear successively in centrifugal order. Type, 

 Wistaria chinensis DC. 



6. Phloioeyela. — New zones of bast produced in each period 

 of vegetation in centripetal order. Type, Vitis sterculifolia 

 F.v.M. 



7. Polycyela. — The oldest vascular bundles lie in the pith; 

 outside the pith, a normal zone of wood and bast is formed, or 

 alternating rings of wood and bast may be formed. Type, Boii- 

 gainvillea spectabilis Hort. 



Subclass ii. MONOCOTYLEDONES. 



1. Vulgares. — Possessing the usual rind, hard ground-paren- 

 chyma, and scattered, closed bundles of the ordinary mono- 

 cotyledon. 



2. AbnOPmales- —Differing from the typical monocotyledonous 

 stem in one or other of the above peculiarities. 



Subclass i. DICOTYLEDONES. 

 L Normales. — To this section belong Banisteria chrysophylla 

 L., Ccelosjjermum 2^<^^i'iculatum F.v.M., Cryptostegia grandijiora 

 R.Br., Faradaya splendida F.v.M., Hiptage Madablota Gsertn., 



