AN ENCYCLOPZEDIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 265 
Caragana— continued. 
C. pygmza (pigmy). Л. yellow; pedicels solitary. April. Z. with 
two pairs linear, glabrous leaflets, approximating at the top of 
the very short petiole; stipules and petioles spinescent. Л. 1ft. 
to 3ft. ‘Siberia, 1751. Shrub. (B. R. 1021.) 
C. spinosa (spiny).* Л. yellow, solitary, almost sessile. April, 
ET 1. with two to four pairs of cuneate-linear, glabrous leaflets ; 
stipules small, spinose; adult petioles permanent, strong, and 
spinose. h. 4ft. to 6ft. Siberia, 1775. Ап excellent shrub for 
forming impenetrable hedges, on account of its long branches and 
strong thorns. i : 
CARAGUATA (its South American name) ORD. 
Bromeliacem. Stove epiphytes, allied to Tillandsia. For 
culture, see Billbergia. 
. lingulata (tongue-shaped-leaved). fl. white ; flower-stalk erect. 
ко deme sei M асла, brilliant scarlet bracts. 
1. tufted, broad at the base, linearlanceolate and recurved. h. 
14ft. Columbia, 1880. 
C. Van Volxemii(Van Volxem’s).* Л. yellow, in close spikes, pro- 
tected by crimson bracts. J. tufted. h. 2ft. to 3ft. Columbia, 
1879. (1. Н. 326.) 
Zahnii n’s).* Й. pale yellow, in dense oblong compressed 
| o cles ; bracts E ge a 1. linear-ligulate, Ift. long, yellow, 
- with crimson stripes, the upper part bright crimson ; semi-trans- 
E parent. A.1ft. Chiriqui, 1870. (B. M. 6059.) 
^  CARAIPI. See Moquilea utilis. 
CARAJURA. Ared colouring matter, obtained from 
Bignonia Chica. 
CARALLIA (Karalli is the name of C. lucida in the 
language of the Telingas). Syn. Barraldeia. ORD. Rhizo- 
phoreew. Stove evergreen glabrous trees, from Madagascar, 
Тғәріса1 Asia, and Australia. Peduncles axillary, trifid, 
many-flowered. Leaves opposite, entire or serrated, stiffish, 
shining on the upper surface. In common with all the 
.. Rhizophorec, this genus is very difficult to grow. 
. C.lancesfolia (lance-leaved). fl., petals m rather undulated. 
| 1. oval or oblong, regularly serra A. 20ít. India, 1820. 
f CARALLUMA (C. adscendens is called Car-allum 
by the Telingas). ORD. Asclepiadacew. Stove evergreen 
shrubs, with almost the habit of Stapelia. Peduncles 
solitary, one-flowered, rising from the axils of the teeth. 
Stems tetragonal, toothed along the angles. For culture, 
see 
a 
С. adscendens (ascending) fi. variegated with purple and yellow, 
usually drooping; segments of corolla reflexed at cer aa 
acuminated, glabrous. Branches slender, ascen , each bearing 
а solitary flower at top. Л. lft. to 2ft. Coro; 4 à 
С. fimbriata (fümbriate) Л. axillary, solitary, sub-campanulate, 
| drooping ; segments of corolla falcate at top, with replicate 
| fringed edges; marked with many transverse ГЕ lines, pale 
" yellow beneath, upper part purple. Branches e ongated, attenu- 
* ated. А. біп. Burma, 1829. (L. B. C. 1863.) 
CARAMBOLA-TREE. See Averrhoa Carambola. 
A. The gum resin obtained from a species of 
CARAN. 
Y Icica. It is used in medicine for plasters. 
CARAPA (Carapa is the name of C. gwianensis in 
Guiana) ORD. Meliacee. А small genus of stove trees, 
natives of the West Indies, Tropical America, and Guinea. 
Calyx usually of four distinct sepals; corolla of four or 
five oblong, egg-shaped, spreading petals. Fruit large, and 
containing numerous seeds. These trees are of economical 
utility, and probably the only one in cultivation is C. 
guianensis. They succeed well in a mixture of loam and 
. sand. Ripe cuttings will root in sand, under a hand glass, 
| jna moist heat. 
ensis (Guiana) November. 
guianensi М . the size of an apple. 
l, leaflets eight or ten pairs, alternate or o ite, elliptical, 
oblong, acuminated, coriaceous, shining, h. eU. Guiana, 1824. 
(A. G. 387.) 
The other species quoted as having been introduced to this 
country are: C. guineensis and C. moluccensis. 
CARAWAY. See Carum Carvi. 
LR (from Kardamine, a diminutive of 
Kardumon, Cress, used by Dioscorides). Lady’s Smock. In- 
cluding Pieroneurwm. Окъ. Crucifere. A genus of hardy, 
usually smooth herbs. Racemes terminal, bractless. Leaves 
esi ee entire, lobed, or pinnately cut, usually very differ- 
im the same plant. Only the perennial species are worth 
growing, and these mostly thrive in a damp, shady situa- 
i 
Cardamine—continued. 
tion, in any kind of soil. They are easily propagated by 
divisions, after flowering. 
C. asarifolia (Asarum-leaved).* /. white, in close racemes. May, 
June. l. smooth, stalked, cordate-orbicular, somewhat sinuately- 
toothed. h. lft. to lift. Mountains of Southern France and 
Northern Italy, 1710. (B. M. 1735.) 
C. bellidifolia (Daisy-leaved). fl. white. April. Z. smooth, 
thickish ; radical ones stalked, ovate, entire; cauline ones few, 
entire, or somewhat three-lobed, not eared at the base. Л. in. 
Northern hemisphere. (F. D. 1, 20.) 
C. chelidonia (Celandine-like). /., petals purple, oval March. 
1. pinnate, rather smooth; segments stalked, ovate, toothed; 
lower segments pinnate into three or four small segments. л. lft. 
South and East Europe, 1739. 
C. glauca (glaucous). fl. white, in dense racemes. Мау. l 
stalked, smooth, glaucous, rather fleshy, pinnate; segments five 
or nine, oblong, terminal one three-lobed. Stem diffuse, much 
branched. л. біп. Southern and Eastern Europe, 1824. 
C. latifolia (broad-leaved). Л. purplish, a little larger than those 
of C. pratensis, June. l. large, pinnate, smooth; segments 
three or seven, rather orbicular, angularly-toothed. h. 1ft. to 2ft. 
Pyrenees, 1710. 
с. 
those of 
= —— 
FiG. 365. CARDAMINE PRATENSIS. 
C. pratensis (meadow).* Cuckoo Flower. /7. usually pale purple, - 
but sometimes white, Early spring. l pinnate; segments of 
the radical ones roundish, of the stem ones linear or lanceolate, 
entire. А. 1%. to 13%. Northern —— ) See 
Fig. 365. There are numerous varieties 0! this species, includ- 
ing a very desirable double-flowered one, frequently met with —— E 
in à wild state. i : 
C. rhomboidea (rhomboid).* jl. white, large. Spring. l., root 
ones round and rather heart-shaped ; lower stem-leaves ovate or 
rhomboid-oblong, somewhat petioled, the upper almost lanceolate, 
all somewhat angled or sparingly toothed. Stems upright, from a 
tuberiferous base, simple. United States of America. ue 
(purple).* А very pretty variety, with rounder- 
C. r. purpurea i 
leaves, and the rose-purple flowers appearing earlier than thoseof — — 
the type. E : 
. rotundifolia d-leaved white, rather small Spring. — 
pe nearly оа и dcin angled, often cordate at 
