266 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Cardamine-— continued. 
the base, petioled, the lowest frequently three-lobed, or of three- 
leaflets. Stems branching, weak or decumbent. Pennsylvania. 
С. trifolia (three-leaved).* fl., petals white, with a broad cune- 
ated claw, and a broad, spreading, obovate limb; scape naked. 
March to May. J. smoothish, ternate; segments sessile, rhom- 
boidal-roundish, toothed. Lower branches root-like, creeping. 
h. біп. Southern Europe, 1629. (B. M. 452.) 
CARDIANDRA (from kardia, a heart, and aner, 
andros, aman, anther). ORD. Sazifragee. А half-hardy 
evergreen shrub. Flowers corymbose; those at the margin 
of the corymb barren and radiant. For cultivation, see 
Hydrangea. 
C. alternifolia (alternate-leaved). Л. white, lilac. July. Z. alter- 
nate, stalked, oblong-acute, serrated, and without stipules. A. 3ft 
Japan, 1865. (S. Z. F. J. 65, 66.) 
‘CARDINAL FLOWER. See Lobelia cardinalis. 
CARDOON (Cynara Cardunculus). This vegetable, 
is much esteemed on the Continent, but is not cultivated 
to any large extent in English gardens. A few are, how- 
ever, generally grown, being especially in demand where 
French cooks are employed. The ribs or stalks of the 
leaves, if well blanched and properly cooked, form an 
excellent dish in winter. 
Cultivation. The preparation of the trenches and 
ground is somewhat similar to that adopted for celery ; 
А : Fic. 366. CARDOON. = 
а space of about 2ft. between them, and 6ft. 
"diste 4 = ae sow a few seeds in the rows at this 
established. A much better plan is to sow the re- 
ired number, in small pots, at the end of April, and 
them in a cold frame, where the seed will soon 
D Mice are very fond of the seed, consequently 
Thistle), &c. 
| have their margins minutely serrated, which cause 
plants grow much larger (see Fig. ~~ and гейш», ORD. Cyperacem. A very large genus of perennial 
, thinning them out to one plant when 
beauty whatever, and are only suitable for natura 
$ 
Cardoon—continued. 
the frame must be kept close enough to prevent their 
entry, or the whole will be destroyed. Select the 
strongest plant in each pot, as they grow, and destroy 
the others. Plant out before they become pot-bound, ш 
previously prepared trenches that have been well manured, © 
and water plentifully when necessary. Occasional forking 
or hoeing between the plants, to encourage growth and 
destroy weeds, will be all that is required, besides water- 
ing, until September or October, when the plants will be 
ready for earthing up. Before any soil is applied, the 
stalks must be arranged upright, and closely bound up | 
with haybands to within a foot of the tops. Тһе soil — 
must then be earthed up nearly as high as the haybands _ 
reach, and be beaten hard with the spade. It is very im- 
portant that this operation should be performed on a dry 
day, when the hearts are free from water, or they will | 
probably decay. The plants will be fit for use in about a 
month, and may be taken up as required. Should Cardoons 
be in great demand, an earlier or little later sowing ша, 
be made for successional crops. If the plants have to b 
kept for any length of time during winter, rain and fi 
must be excluded by means of a covering of litter 
other protecting material; or they may be dug up ап 
stored away in a cool, dry place, the haybands bi 
allowed to remain on. ae 
Sorts. The Spanish Cardoon with large solid ribs and 
spineless leaves, is the one most cultivated; it is liable to 
run to seed, but not as much as the common sort- : 
Tours Cardoon is much cultivated in France; but р 
саге is necessary in working amongst them, as the Іеахт 
have very long sharp spines. There are one or two othe 
varieties, but the Spanish is most preferable, and 
generally grown. 9 
CARDUNCELLUS (the diminutive of Cardunculus, 
the Cardoon, and that from cardwus) ORD. Composite. 
Pretty hardy herbaceous perennials, related to Carthamu 
Flowers all tubular; pappus setaceous; involucral bra 
many-seriate, imbricate; receptacle flat, densely setos 
paleaceous. They succeed well in ordinary garden soil 
are readily increased by divisions of the roots. Cs 
cellus is rarely grown outside botanic collections. 
May, 
as long as the 
cauline ones linear, 
d Spain, 1 
series, united by a ring at 
all tubular, and 
some may be desirable. Hence, we mention 
of a few of the more conspicuous species: 
Candollei, chrysacanthus, nutans, pycnocephalus. (Blesse 
ре. Two Composite frequently met with 
gardens, viz., Silybum Marianum and Cnicus benedictu 
are often mentioned in books and catalogues under the 
generic name of Carduus. 
CAREX (from keiro, to cut; the leaves of many specie 
to cut the hand if drawn rapidly along them). Бесе 
like herbaceous plants, of which upwards of sixty аг 
natives of this country. Inflorescence paniculate, i 
larly clustered, spicate or racemose. Stems usually 
They are of the easiest possible culture in ordinary 
