AN ENCYCLOPJEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 
271 
Carnation-— continued. 
etcher), MR. BUCKLEY (Fletcher) MRS. BARRETT (Fletcher), 
bg аа (Dodwell), RACHAEL (Fletcher), RoB Rov 
(Gorton), ROSE OF STAPLEFORD (Holmes). 
carlet Flakes. ANNIHILATOR (Jackson) CLIPPER (Fletcher), 
cy GODFREY (Holmes) FRIAR TUCK (Dodwell), HENRY MAT- 
THEWS (Dodwell), ILLUMINATOR (Puxley) JAMES. CHEETHAM 
(Chadwick) JOHN BALL (Dodwell), RICHARD GORTON (Dod- 
well), RISING SUN (Kirtland), SCARLET KEET (Dodwell), SPORTS- 
MAN (Fletcher), WILLIAM LanG (Dodwell), WILLIAM MELLOR 
(Dodwell). j 
elfs. ALBERT (Turner), purple ; ARETHUSA (Dodwell), magenta ; 
MNT Ware), Lb enta, very fine; BRIDE (Overs), 
pure white, very fine ; CONSTANCE (Dodwell), rich rose; CORONER 
(Ware) bright scarlet; CRIMSON, old double Clove; CYNTHIA 
(Dodwell), bright rose, very pretty ; GERTRUDE TEIGNER (Ware), 
rich pink, very fine ; GLOIRE DE NANCY (Lemoine) pure white, 
very vigorous and free; Сос (Dodwell), carmine-purple; KING 
OF THE YELLOWS (Abercrombie) rich sulphur-yellow; LADY 
ROSEBERY (Turner) the best yellow Self; MARY MORRIS 
(Smythe), rich salmon-rose, immense; MRS. MATTHEWS (Mat- 
thews), pure white, freely fringed ; SPARKLER (Ware), crimson- 
scarlet; VIVID (Dodwell) very brilliant scarlet; W. P. MILNER 
(Fisher), pure white, of grand substance, one of the best. 
TREE OR PERPETUAL. These are, without doubt, some 
of the most useful plants grown for cut bloom, and their 
culture is of the easiest. Some growers strike the cuttings 
from July till the end of August, in gentle heat, or layer 
the old plants in a frame, in August, and, when well rooted, 
pot them off into 3in. pots, or the stronger ones into 4in. 
pots, in which the plants are wintered the first season, in 
an airy position near the glass. The second season, the 
plants are grown on, and not allowed to bloom through the 
summer, about two shifts being given until they are in 
10in. pots. : Meanwhile, the shoots are trained as required, 
and the general shape of the plant arranged. "When the 
. pots are filled with roots, liquid manure should be supplied, 
and, about the middle of September, they may be taken in- 
doors, giving plenty of air for some days. By maintaining 
a temperature of from 45deg. to 50deg., and applying liquid: 
manure, plenty of bloom may be obtained through the win- 
ter and early spring months. For potting soil, use good 
. fibrous yellow sandy loam three parts, and one part rotten 
manure, with enough sand to keep the whole sufficiently 
porous to admit of the free passage of water. Another 
excellent method of cultivation is to put the cuttings in, 
selecting the small side shoots, about the middle of 
January, in bottom heat, of about 70deg. to 75deg., with 
. an atmospheric temperature of 60deg. to 65deg.; or they 
тау be struck in a half-spent hotbed, when it will not 
be advisable to put them in till February. As soon as 
rooted, they should be potted off, and gradually hardened, 
—80 that they will bear removal to the greenhouse, where 
“they should remain till April. They may then be shifted 
on, and grown liberally in pots, or be planted out. In June, 
go over the plants, and take off the tops; and, about once a 
fortnight, remove the tops of any of the side shoots which 
may appear likely to bloom. About the end of September, 
the plants should, if placed out, be carefully potted up, 
and shaded for a week or ten days, keeping them well sup- 
plied with moisture; and, after root action is resumed, 
removed to the greenhouse, and an unlimited supply of 
air given until frost sets in. Only sufficient fire heat 
should be applied in winter to maintain a temperature 
of 50deg. to 55deg., and a free circulation of air should 
be admitted on all favourable occasions during the day. 
Fumigate if fly should put in an appearance; and for 
mildew, flowers of sulphur should be thoronghly dusted 
over the plants, washing it off after three days, taking 
~ Care to remove all dirt from the plants. 
Varieties. These are numerous, and their number con- 
stantly being added to. Тһе following are among the best: 
A. ALEGATIERE, bright scarlet; AMAZON, buff, edged scarlet ; 
Coven rose; BOULE DE FEU, scarlet ; BRIDE, pure white : 
soalna GARDEN, scarlet; DRAGON, scarlet; FIREFLY, bright 
Goud ; PUORENCE, clear buff-yellow ; GARIBALDI, rosy-scarlet ; 
BART URDAULT, scarlet, erimson-flaked ; HENSHAW'S, scarlet; JEAN 
M t scarlet ; JEAN SISLEY, yellow, red-edged ; La BELLE, 
кеке » very fine; LEES, scarlet; MADAME ALEGATIER: 
carmine-rose; MAIDENS BLUSH, blush-white; Miss JOLLIFFR, 
Carnation—continued. 
blush-pink ; Mrs. G. HAWTRY, bright yellow; OSCAR, yellow; 
PRINCE OF ORANGE, yellow, edged with crimson ; PURITY, white; 
REMBRANDT, large crimson; SOUVENIR DE MALMAISON, blush- 
white; VALIANT, rosy-scarlet; VAN Dyck, white, striped rose 
VULCAN, mottled-red. 
CARNAUBA PALM. See Copernicia cerifera. 
CARNOSE. Fleshy; of thick substance. 
CAROB-TREE. See Ceratonia Siliqua. 
CAROLINA  ALLSPICE. See Calycanthus 
floridus. 
CAROLINEA. See Pachira. 
CARPEL. A division of the ovary; one of the modified 
leaves forming the pistil. 
CARPENTERIA (named after the late Professor 
Carpenter, of Louisiana). Овр. Вахіўтадет. Ап orna- 
mental tall-growing shrub, which will thrive in any good 
loamy soil and will probably prove hardy in this country. 
It is too recent an introduction for us to be able to speak 
more definitely respecting it. 
C. californica (Californian)* f. white. l 
entire, 2in. to in. long, ани Berry fme with 
a minute and close pubescence. Sierra Nevada, California, 1880. 
(Latin name used by Pliny) Horn- 
beam. ORD. Cupulifere. i “ 
medium-sized. Male flow 
drieal; braets imbricate. 
Hardy deciduous trees, mostly 
, catkins later, sessile, cylin- 
Female flowers in lax terminal 
FIG. 372. FLOWERING BRANCH OF CaRPINUS BETULUS. 
catkins; outer bracts entire; inner bracts in pairs, three- 
lobed. Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous. - 
C. Betulus is the one most generally grown. It forms a _ 
good hedge plant, and bears pruning well, while the leaves - 
remain on after they are dead, thus affording good shelter. 
It is not much grown in this country, but its timber is 
valuable; it is also very useful as an agricultural tree, to _ 
shelter exposed fields, as it endures rough and windy ~ 
situations, and thrives well in common soil. The seeds. - 
which are formed in a small nut, are ripe at the end of - 
autumn, but they vegetate irregularly, some coming the - 
