E 
274 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
CARUM (from Karos, the Greek name used by Diosco- 
rides). Caraway (originally found at Caria, in Asia Minor). 
Including Ptychotis. ORD. Umbellifere. Glabrous herbs. 
Flowers white. Leaves pinnate; segments or leaflets 
multifid. Roots tuberous. Caraway is a naturalised 
biennial, and will do well in most garden soils if tolerably 
dry in winter. The seeds are best sown in autumn, or 
in March, in drills 1ft. apart, and the plants, when strong 
enough, thinned out to about Sin. in the rows. Тһе 
ground will require an occasional hoeing. Seeds will 
be produced in the following summer, ripening about 
August. 'lhese are much used, after being dried, in con- 
fectionery, and sometimes for flavouring and perfumery. 
For culture of C. Petroselinum, see Parsley. 
C. Carvi (Caraway). jl. white; involucre and involucels wanting. 
May. 1. bipinnate ; leaflets decussate, multifid. Stems furrowe 
h. 14ft. Europe. (Sy. En. B. 582.) 
C. Petroselinum (Petroselinum). Parsley. /., involucre of few, 
partial one of many, leaflets. June and July. 2. decompound, 
shining ; lower leaflets ovate-cuneate, trifid, toothed ; upper ones 
lanceolate, nearly entire. Europe (naturalised in Britain) SYN. 
Petroselinum sativum. ^ 
` CARUMBIUM. A synonym of Sapium. 
CARYA (from karya, a Walnut-tree, from karyon, a 
nut). Hickory. Syn. Scorias. ORD. Juglandacem. Very 
handsome hardy deciduous trees, far too rarely seen in 
this country. This genus differs from Juglans in having 
the male catkins clustered, with from three to ten stamens 
in each flower, and the firm (at length) dry exocarp splitting 
into four regular valves, and falling away from the smooth, 
bony endocarp or shell. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, of 
five to fifteen leaflets, serrate; the lateral ones in opposite, 
or nearly opposite, pairs, and' all spreading in one plane. 
Propagation is effected by nuts, planted where the trees 
ате intended to remain, as most of the species have very 
long tap roots, which, with the exception of C. amara, are 
nearly destitute of fibres. The species here described 
are all North American. 
С. alba (white).* Shell-bark Hickory. fl., catkins glabrous. May. 
fr. globular or depressed ; nut white, compressed, barely mucro- 
DEO Cm DECEDERE 
не min = r 3 
the руасо Жү очар A А. 5066, to TOft. "o DD. BL [ra 
С. amara (bitter)* Bitter Nut, or i tar 
"m D id April. fr. globular ышто и eld 
globular, s uk vs nted. 4, leaflets seven to eleven, lanceolate 
or oblong-lanceolate, pubescent when young, afterwards almost 
glabrous. A.50ft. to 60ft. 1800. (T. S. M. 226) 
C. olivzformis (Olive-formed). Pecan Nut. fr., nut olive- 
x . L, leaflets thirteen to fifteen, oblong-lanceolate, tapering 
а, to a slender point, falcate, serrate. A. 306, 1766. 
‚ porcina (pig). Pig Nut, or Broom Hickory. fr., nut 
"oval, with a thick Dony shell. Z., leaflets tive e Miren, Mar 
te, and taper-pointed, serrate, plot: 
ly во. A. 708. to 80%. (T. S. M. 224.) pouce 
. tomentosa (tomentose.* Mocker Nut; White- : 
J^, catkins short, and lower surface of leaves t heart Hickory. 
у, of a 
сео- 
н. de ай or by suckers; the first named аге frequently pro- 
T duced in this country. ES 
е Cumingii (Cuming’s).* l large, dark green, spreading, bi- 
ope 4ft. to 6ft. in length, a. Sft. in width ; niinulos Siu. £f 
CARYOPHYLLEZ. An extensive order of herbs, 
. With stems swollen at the joints. Flowers terminal, solitary, 
or disposed in racemes, panioles, or corymbs. Leaves entire, 
opposite. Well-known genera are: Arenaria, Cerastiwm, 
Dianthus, Lychnis, Saponaria, and Silene. 
CARYOPHYLLUS (from karuophyllon, Clove-tree ; 
literally nut leaf, from karuon, a nut, and phyllon, a leaf). 
Clove-tree. The Arabs, who have been acquainted from all 
antiquity with the Clove, called it Qarumfel, which the 
Greeks altered to Caryophyllon. ORD. Myrtacew. А. 
stove evergreen tree, now generally referred to genus 
Eugenia. Cymes terminal, or sub-corymbose, in the forks 
of the branches. Leaves opposite, coriaceous, dotted. It 
grows best in a mixture of loam and peat. Cuttings of firm 
shoots, with the leaves left on, will root if planted in a 
pot of sand, with a hand glass over them, and placed in a 
moist heat. It is difficult to preserve this tree through 
the winter. 
C. aromaticus (fragrant).* Jl., petals pale purple; calyx dark 
2 le; cymes many-flowered. l ovate-oblong, acuminated at 
th ends. h. 20ft. to 40ft. Moluccas, 1796. The flowers of this 
tree are the cloves of commerce. 
CARYOPTERIS (from karuon, a nut, and pteron, a 
wing; fruit winged). Овр. Verbenacee. Ornamental, 
hardy, herbaceous or sub-shrubby perennials, with a bushy 
habit. They thrive in ordinary garden soil. Propagated 
by seeds, by divisions, or by cuttings. 
C. Mastacanthus (moustache)* Л. rich violet; peduncles — 
axillary, fastigiate. Autumn. 1. ovate-oblong, petiolate, obtuse, ~ 
coarsely serrated, downy. A. 2ft. China, 1844. A Hafidsome 
greenhouse or half-hardy herbaceous plant, growing freely in any 
garden soil. It requires plenty of water during the summer - 
months. SYN. Mastacanthus sinensis. (B. R. 1846, 2.) : 
C. mongolica (Mongolian). Л. violet-blue, numerous, in small | 
long-stalked axillary corymbs, forming loose spikes nearly 2%. 
long. l. opposite, lanceolate-elliptic, greyish-green, hoary be- 
neath. A. 3ft. Chinese Mongolia, 1869. (R. Н. 1872, 451.) 
CARYOTA (old Greek name karuotis, used by Dio- 
scorides; the Greeks first applied this name to their cul: 
tivated Date) ORD. Palmee. A genus of about a d 
species of very noble stove palms, with bipinnate leaves; 
the ultimate divisions of which have the shape of the fins 
and tail of a fish—features which distinguish the present 
from all other genera of the order. They attain th 
size before commencing to flower; the зе 
developed first at the top, and last foot 
Oin. long, sub-falcate, obliquely wedge-shaped below, and 
toothed upwards. The spadices hang in dreoplug tassel-like tufts 
from the axils of the leaves, and the flowers are succeeded h 
ои — je rede an additional charm to this beauti 
stove plant. Trunk or stem slender, . high. 
Philippine Islands, 1841. (B. M. 5762.) m "es - 
maxima (largest). 1. bipinnate ; pinnze coriaceous, rigid, elon- 
gated, dimidio-lanceolate, acuminate. Stem tall. Java, 1849. 
C. mitis (mild) Z. reclining; pinn cuneiform, obli præ 
morse, A, 20ft, China, 1820. p oH + 
C. propinqua (neighbouring) l. bipinnate; pinne coriaceous, 
sessile, оороо obtuse or acuminate, morse.- 
Stem tall. Java, 1850. xt ; 
©. purpurabes (purple. 1. bipinnate; pinnæ uncaual, BR 
in size and shapa; petioles clothed vith um me Ш 
h. Wft Java. This species resembles C, urens, bt 
