AN ENCYCLOPAEDIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 327 
Chysis—continued. 
scarlet or crimson, and fringed round the margin. June. 
Pseudo-bulbs loin. long. Guatemala. (I. Н. 1863, 555.) 
CIBOTIUM, 5ге Dicksonia. 
CICCA (named after Peter Cicea, a writer of the six- 
teenth century) ORD. Ewphorbiacee. A small genus, now 
usually referred to Phyllanthus. The best-known species 
is C. disticha, which is a stove evergreen fruit-troe. It 
thrives well in sandy loam; and cuttings of ripe shoots 
will root in sand, if placed under a glass, and in bottom 
heat. 
C, disticha (two-ranked) fl. greenish; racemes lateral J. ob- 
long. А. lOft. India, 1796. 
CICHORIUM (an ancient Egyptian name). Chicory 
or Succory. Овр. Composite. Hardy salad plants. In- 
volucre surrounded with small stales or smaller leaflets; 
receptacle naked or slightly hairy; pappus sessile, scaly, 
shorter than the pericarp. For special culture, see 
Chicory and Endive. 
C. Endivia. Endive. .-heads pale blue, lin. to 1}in. across ; 
рее axillary. |l. large, sinuate, smooth, toothed. July. 
2ft. China, &c. Annual, 
C. Intybus (Intybus). Chicory. /.-heads bright blue, axillary, 
sessile, lin. to làin. across, Са two or three together on the 
сее branches. July. 7. glandular-ciliated ; lower ones ob- 
nceolate, runcinate-pinnatifid or dentate; upper stem ones 
lanceolate, half stem-clasping, broadly toothed or entire. h. 2ft. 
to 5ft. Europe (Britain). Perennial. (Sy. En. B. 786.) 
- C. spinosum (spiny). /.-heads blue ; involucre ovate, imbricated ; 
receptacle naked ; peduncles rigid, glabrous. Z. green, sub-succu- 
lent, rous, runcinate-lyrate ; terminal lobe oblong, obtuse. 
S divaricate; branches ending in a spine. Greece. 
tem 
Biennial (8. Е. б. 823.) ` 
p Included under Pelargonium (which 
see). 
CIENKOWSKIA (mamed in honour of Professor L. 
Cienkowsky, a Russian botanist of the present century). 
ORD. Scitaminee. A handsome stove herbaceous peren- 
nial, now referred to genus EKempferia, which see for 
cultivation. 
C. Kirkii (Kirk's). Л. lovely pale rose-purple, about 3in. in dia- 
le, 
: pe slender, erect, 3in. to 4in. long. 
ugust. 2, elliptic-lanceolate, біп. to Sin. 1 in. 
wide. A. біп. Zanzibar, 1872. (B. М. 5994.) © ^Y ^m. to Shin. 
CILIZ. Marginal hairs, forming a fringe. 
CILIARIA. Included under Saxifraga (which 
see). 
CILIATE. Fringed with hairs. 
CIMICIFUGA (from cimez, a bug, and fugo, to drive 
away; indicating certain virtues which the plants—par- 
ticularly О. elata—possess). Bugwort. Овр. Ranuncu- 
lace&. Ornamental hardy herbaceous perennials, allied 
to “Actea. They are of easy culture in ordinary garden 
soil. A somewhat moist and shady situation is pre- 
ferable. All are po shine by division of the roots, 
i eii Or by seeds, sown in a cold frame as soon as 
с. americana merican’ ).* i = 
iq and mss Puoi M y 
— Sweet-scen ; sca 
nícled, 
arolina, 
C. cordifolia (heart-shaped-leaved), whitish ; racemes pani 
m Ad Ами. = biternate “Tents four or five lobed, 
oy = B e base. Л. 2ft. to 3ft. North America, 
C. elata (tall. Л. whitish; racemes panicled. J 
È ternate or biternate ; leaflets ovate-oblong, Geely’ “eh бөрү 
hou. eastern Siberia, North America, &e, 1777.7 A ten 
, used in Siberia for driving away bugs. SYN. C. Setida, 
С: foetida (fetid), A synonym of C. elata. 
C. japonica (Japanese)* 1, white, sessile: 
e ; spikes very long. 
i pne PS wiih five or seven-lobed cordate segments. 
C. racemosa racemose),* w : 
long. Ju cad Lt hite; racemes compound, very 
August. riternate, with 
. Sut leaflets, A. 3ft. to Sft, North te, vith serrated ог, poeta 
racemes 
h. 2ft. to 3ft. 
Cimicifuga—continued. 
resembles <Actwa spicata, but is much larger. SYN. Actea 
racemosa and С, serpentaria. (В. С. 443.) 
C. serpentaria (snake-like) A synonym of C. racemosa. 
CINCHONA (named after Countess de Chinchon, wife 
of a Governor of Peru, who was cured of a fever in 1638 
by this remedy). Peruvian Bark. ORD. Rubiacem. South 
American trees, from which various kinds of Peruvian 
bark are obtained. Flowers white or reddish ; inflores- 
cence panicled. ^ Leaves on stout petioles, with flat 
margins; stipules ovate or oblong, foliaceous, free, deci- 
duous. These greenhouse evergreens are of the utmost 
importance, medicinally, and for this purpose their cul- 
ture is of primary importance in India and many other 
tropical countries. They are rarely grown in this 
country, not being particularly ornamental. The best 
compost is a mixture of turfy loam and fibry peat, with 
a little sand and charcoal. Cuttings should be taken off 
when ripe, and planted in a pot of sand, which should 
be plunged, under a hand glass, in a moist heat. 
C. Calisa а і . Я i" , 
acuminate. h. 30ft. D aU b dad of Peru. Paa 
bipes hose (lanceolate). A synonym of C. oficinalis. 
‚ Off (officinal), f. ve er olour, s on 
sha ele Ur ЧУ е eS ae: 
above; panicle bracteate, aueh branched. d" | ont 
lanceolate, acute, naked on both surfaces, as well as the b neh 
shining. A.30ft.to 40ft. Peru. SYN. C. lanceolata, ^" 
Among other species of this 3 s a 
microphylla, nitida, and sean, Бепиз are: condaminea, cordifolia, 
CINCHONACEZE. Included under Rubiacee. 
CINCINALIS. See Nothochlena, 
Fic. 453. FLOWERING BRANCH OF SINGLE-FLOWERED 
CINERARIA. 
(from cinerea, ash-coloured ; alluding 
to the grey down covering the surfaces of the leaves). ORD. 
Composite. An extensive genus of mostly herbaceous 
plants, Pappus pilose ; receptacle naked ; involucre cam- 
panulate, of many equal sides. Several of the hardy — 
Species are excellent plants for the herbaceous borders, - 
