ОЕ HORTICULTURE. 
537 
CLEISOSTOMA (from kleio, to close, and stoma, a 
mouth ; in allusion to the mouth of the spur being closed 
by a toothed process). ORD. Orchidew. Stove epiphytes. 
Flowers small, fleshy, with a pouched lip, and distinguished 
from those of Saccolabiwm in haying the orifice of the 
pouch closed by a large projecting tooth. Leaves leathery, 
narrow. Roots very long and tough. There are about 
fifteen species belonging to this genus, but, with one or 
two exceptions, they are not much grown. For culture, 
see Aerides. 
Dawsoniana (Dawson's).* 7, sulphur-coloured outside, darker 
inside, with elegant transverse brown bars ; stellate, of a thickish 
substance; lip quinquefid, orange-yellow, with some brown 
blotches and streaks; disk covered with many golden hairs; 
with two falcate penicillate ears. The inflorescence 
has a sword rachis; the branches bicarinate, and bearing 
< the flowers in an alternating way; bracts very dry, triangular, 
carinate, shining brown. J. distichous, light green, about біп. 
long. Moulmein, 1868. Avery gay and pretty species. 
C. striatum (striate). jl. yellow, red. Darjeeling, 1879. SYN. 
Echioglosswm striatum. 
CLEMATIS (from klema, a Vine branch; most of the 
species climb like the Vine).  Virgin's Bower. ORD. 
Ranunculacee. A genus of climbing deciduous shrubs or 
herbaceous perennials. Calyx of from four to eight 
coloured sepals; petals none. Carpels numerous, aggre- 
gate, terminated by a long, mostly feathery, tail. Leaves 
opposite, variously cut. For climbing up stumps of old 
trees, training to trellises on walls, or planting to droop 
over amongst rockwork, no plants are more suitable, or 
will make a more gorgeous display, than many of the large- 
flowered Clematises.- Their habit and character alone are 
suggestive of the many ornamental purposes to which they 
may be put, and there are few places which may not be 
_ adorned by them in some way or other. Not only are they 
= well adapted for running up all kinds of supports, but 
many of the grand hybrid varieties are equally suitable 
for trailing over the surface of the ground, and covering 
beds, either alone or associated with a few distinct foliage 
plants, such as Negundo frazinifolium variegatum, with 
which they look well, and produce a charming effect. 
General Cultivation. To get the Clematis to flower well 
and continuously in dry weather, it must have a good depth 
of rich loamy soil, and a fair share of manure, both above 
and below the surface. Liquid manure is also a great 
help to free flowering, and therefore good soakings of it 
should be given from time to time, according to the state 
of the weather. As Clematises are always kept in pots 
for sale, the month of June is a favourable one to obtain 
them and plant out; but before doing this, suitable pre- 
parations should be made, by deeply trenching the ground, 
which, if at all stiff, will be greatly improved by having 
plenty of leaf soil, refuse peat, or other rich vegetable 
matter, worked in, together with some road scrapings or 
_ trimmings, which will keep the whole open and allow the 
. roots to ramify freely. When required for borders, the 
. best way of growing Clematis is to dig large holes, about 
3ft. across and 2ft. deep, and either fill in with fresh turfy 
loam and dung, or add a good proportion of the same to the 
soil thrown out, before it is put back. Place one or more 
plants in the centre of each hole, and also three tall stakes, 
triangularly, for the plants to climb up, which they will do 
with very little assistance after they have had a tie or two 
and made a fair start. These stakes should be driven in 
firmly, about 2ft. apart, and then brought together at the 
tops, and secured by running a piece of wire round them, 
so that the three, when fixed, form a graduated cone, the 
shape and outline of which is always the most pleasing of 
any kind of trellis or support that can be used. The 
lanuginosa types are best adapted for planting to train 
on verandahs or up trellises on dwellings, where, if well 
fed, and otherwise left pretty much to themselves, they soon 
cover a large space and produce an immense number of 
flowers. Different growers of Clematises vary much in 
their manner of treating them. Some, instead of thinning 
or simply shortening back the shoots during the winter, 
get heme e 
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DE PRE I 
| aid them in rooting, it is а good plan to slightly scrape the 
Clematis—continued. 
adopt the more severe proceeding of cutting away the 
whole of the tops, so as to force the plants to break again 
from the crowns. This method answers for Jackmanni, 
and the strong-growing series of which it is the type. 
It is, however, not to be recommended in the case of 
those of the lanuginosa type, which generally die back 
quite far enough, and only require that such dead portions 
should be cut away, as to do anything further only weakens 
them, by restricting their growth. Neither is this treatment 
desirable with any of the others, except such as are con- 
fined to beds and have only limited spaces to fill. Heading 
back those used for covering old trunks of trees, gnarled 
poles, or other similar supports, lays the latter bare for a 
long time in spring and early summer, when they would 
be covered with verdure. It also retards the period of 
flowering. 
Propagation is mainly effected by grafting any of the 
varieties on portions of Clematis roots, early in the year. 
Good healthy pieces of root, obtained from old plants out- 
side, or those of. О. Flammula, answer the purpose well. 
g^ 
2. 
E 
FIG. 467. FLOWERING BRANCH oF CLEMATIS 
These should be split open, and the small scions inserted 
and tied with matting; they should then be potted in 
thimble pots, and placed in a propagating case, with a 
warm, moist temperature, where they will readily unite. 
They may afterwards be removed to cooler quarters, and 
be ultimately plunged outside. => 
АП the different varieties of Clematis may also be readily — — 
increased, either by cuttings, made of the young shoots, 
which may be cut up to every eye, and placed in pots of — d 
sandy soil, in gentle heat, in the propagating case; or by _ 
layers outside, pnt in at any time. Layers will, in the 
course of a year, if kept watered, be found to emit roots — oH _ 
at the joint ыа, p. dire they may be severed and — 
planted, just before growth commences, in the spring. To 
bark before laying the branches in. 9 X 
