AN ENCYCLOP/EDIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 345 
Cneorum—continued. 
to the Mediterranean region and the Canary Islands. It 
comprises but the two species here described. 
C. pulverulentum (powdery).* fl. axillary; pedicels adnate to 
the base of the bracts. April to September. l. linear, entire. 
h. lft. to 3ft. Teneriffe, 1822. Plant covered with greyish 
powder. 
C. tricoccum (three-berried). Spurge Olive. ЛД. axillary ; pedi- 
cels not adnate to the bracts. Л. lft. to 2ft. South Europe, 1793. 
Plant smooth. See Fig. 477. 
CNESTIS (from kneo, to scratch; in allusion to the 
capsules being covered on the outside with stinging hairs). 
ORD. Connuracew. Ornamental stove evergreen shrubs or 
small trees, with axillary, racemose, rarely paniculate in- 
florescence, and impari-pinnate leaves. All are natives 
of tropical and Southern Africa, Madagascar, and the 
islands of the Indian Archipelago. They require a com- 
post of loam and peat, both of which should be fibry, 
with the addition of a small quantity of sand. Cuttings 
of ripe young shoots will root in sand, if placed in 
bottom heat, and covered with a bell glass. About ten 
species are known to science; perhaps not one is now 
in cultivation in this country. 
CNICUS (from chnizein, to injure; alluding to the 
prickly armature of the plant). Thistle. Syn. Cirsium. 
ORD. Composite. A genus containing about 200 species of 
annual, biennial, and perennial herbs, of which but very 
few are in cultivation, and still fewer are worth the trouble 
of growing. Pappus deciduous, feathery; involucre swell- 
ing, imbricated..with spinous scales; receptacle hairy. 
They are all of the easiest culture in ordinary soil. Pro- 
pagated by seeds, sown in spring. 7 
С. acaulis (stemless).* /l.-heads purple ; involucre ovoid, glabrous. 
ES. glabrous, radical, lanceolate, pinnatifid ; 
lobes sub-trifid, spinous. A. 2ft. Europe (Britain) Perennial. 
(Sy. Er. B. 692.) 
(tallest)* fl.-heads le; involucre bracteate, 
ul soie, scabrous, downy 
5 ciliated ; radical ones pinnatifid. л. 3ft. to 
10%. ior] States, 1726. Hardy herbaceous perennial. (G. C. 
C. ambiguus (ambiguous) /.-Леайг purple. ed and August. 
1. ciliate, eq ы downy beneath ; lower ones stalked, oblong, acu- 
minate, sub-sinuate ; upper ones pinnatifid, auricled. №. 2%. 
Tyrol, &c., 1820. Hardy perennial, 
С. benedictus (blessed) Blessed Thistle. An ornamental 
biennial, with large deep green leaves, which are blotched and 
marbled with silvery-white. South Europe. This plant now 
forms а genus by itself ; its proper name is Carbenia benedicta. 
C. ciliatus (ciliated). /i.-heads purple; involucre ovate. August. 
1. amplexicaul, hispid, pinnatifid ; segments two-lobed, sp ing, 
spiny, downy beneath. Л. 3ft. Siberia, 1787. Hardy perennial. 
C. conspicuus (conspicuous). -heads scarlet, large and very 
handsome, termi AVAT ong, conical. l. alternate, ses- 
sile ; lower ones 6in. to 8in. long, deeply ре or even 
i ; margin waved and sinuated, and armed with short 
brown or i ines. Stem 3ft. to 6ft. high, erect, much 
branched, l y Mexico. Biennial. SYN. Ery- 
throlena conspicua, (B. M. Ly 
с. Jji.-heads pale purple, rarely white; 
rir zlobose, with clan. zuy, August 1. sessile, 
hairy, downy bene ; Segments two-lobed, spreading, 
spiny. A. 2ft. к ч 1803. "Biennial. 
C. Douglasii (Douglas's) A synonym of C. undulatus. 
C. eriophorus (wool- i Л-Һеайв le; involucre woolly, 
spherical. July. Г pinnatifid, every other кета 
inting upwards, Ta , Scabrous. A. 2ft. Europe (Britain). 
iennial. (Sy. En. B. 687.) 
С. Grahami (Graham’s). /l.-heads rich crimson, е. 1. Іапсео- 
late, sinuate, Lr nee snow-white beneath. Sft. to 5ft. 
New Mexico, 1871. A handsome thistle, with slender-branched 
snow-white stems. Biennial. 
spinosissimus (most spiny).* fl.-heads pale yellow, terminal, 
clustered. June to August. J. ww pinnatifid, toothed, 
spiny, pubescent. Stem simple. А. 3ft. Europe, 1759. Hardy 
perennial, . M. 1366.) 
C. undulatus (undulated).* /l.-heads purple, corymbose, scarcely 
rising above the leaves ; scales of the involucre smooth, purplish, 
iny at the point. Summer. J. pinnatitid, the lateral lobes 
ongated, often bifid, terminal lobe elongated; more or less 
spiny. Л. 1%. California. Perennial. Syn. С. Douglasii. 
COARCTATE. Pressed together. 
COBZA (named after B. Cobo, a Spanish botanist), 
ORD. Polemoniacem. Very ornamental rapid-growing green- 
house or conservatory perennials. Flowers large, campanu- 
late, solitary, and axillary; calyx foliaceous, persistent. 
Leaves pinnate, with two or three pairs of leaflets, and a 
terminal tendril. They are readily raised from seeds, in 
spring, a gentle bottom heat alone being necessary if the 
seeds are new; old seeds are not reliable. A free and mode- 
rately rich soil is necessary. Cobmas do best if planted 
out, but, at the same time, they thrive in large pots. In 
autumn, the long shoots can be pruned back, and fresh 
growth will be made in spring. The general gracefulness 
and very floriferous habit of these plants render them 
peculiarly well adapted for growing against bare walls, 
arches, porches, &c. For outdoor culture, they are gene- 
rally, and most effectively, treated as annuals. The 
variegated form of C. scandens must be increased by cut- 
tings, taken when young, in spring, and inserted in pots of 
sandy soil, placed in gentle bottom heat. 
C. penduliflora (drooping-flowered).* i ; 
Э аас v green, 2 tre vy Teg hag Cs in =» peres 
the edge into five strap-shaped, . endulous, wavy lobes, 3in. to 
4in. long, which im to the flowers an unique а rance, 
December. 1. formed of two pairs of small oblong acute leaflets, 
Сатасся, 1868. А graceful, slender, cool stove climber. (B. M. 
C. scandens climbing) 
dark purple tube ; lobes of corolla rather sp: 
p close to the stem, and egerint on one side at the base. 
endrils branched. Mexico, 1792. . - 
There is a very ornamental form, having variegated foliage. 
C. macrostema, Gua: П, and C. stipularis, Mexico, are two 
interesting RUM EA flowered species; but those described 
&bove are the best for general cultivation. e 
COB NUTS. See Corylus. e UNE 
Р. aro 
