AN ENCYCLOP/EDIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 847 
Cochlearia—continued. 
C. officinalis (offüicinal. Common Scurvy Grass. Л. white. 
Spring. l, radical ones stalked, cordate; cauline ones ovate, 
toothed, angular. л. 2іп. to 12in. Cold regions of northern hemi- 
sphere. A pretty early spring-flowering biennial. It is a valuable 
anti-scorbutic. See Fig. 480. 
COCHLEATE. Twisted, so as to resemble the shell 
of a snail. 
COCHLIOSTEMA (from kochlion, spiral, and stema, 
a stamen; in allusion to the spirally curved stamens). 
ORD. Commelinacee. This genus contains but a single 
species, as the two plants described below are mere forms 
of one. A very handsome stove perennial. It thrives in 
a compost of peat, leaf mould, and loam, in equal parts, 
with the addition of a small quantity of sand. Perfect 
drainage and a copious supply of water—both to the roots 
and overhead—are essential. Propagated by seed, which 
are obtained in abundance by means of artificial fertili- 
sation. The anthers will be found inside the large 
stamen-like organs in the centre of the flower. The seed 
should be sown as soon as ripe, in sandy soil, in well- 
drained pots, and placed in a hotbed. 
C. Jacobianum (Jacob's) fl. blue, delicately sweet, numerous, 
pedicellate, crowded at the ends of the stalks in a rather short, 
simple, scorpioid cyme ; three outer segments of the perianth un- 
equal, oblong, obtuse, hooded at the apex; three inner segments 
equal, obovate, their margins fringed with long, delicate, rich 
purple hairs. September, i. rich dark green, edged with a 
narrow margin of purple, oblong-lanceolate, lft. to 3ft. long, 
and 6in. to 8in. broad, sheathing at the base. Andes of Ecuador, 
1867. This is one of the finest introductions of late years, and 
equally as valuable from a horticultural point of view as it is 
interesting from its peculiar structure. (B. M. 5705.) 
С ——— e EMI Fy ne? rese 
FKiG. 481. COCHLIOSTEMA ODORATISSIMUM, 
, odoratissimum (sweetest-scented) ji., outer perianth seg- 
е6 yellowish-green at the base, reddish above ; inner Segments 
large, deep blue, with a large white claw. J. pale green above, 
long, sheathing, gracefully recurved; margins bordered with 
red; under surface red, marked with deep red-violet lines. 
The scent in this form is much more powerful than in C. Ji 
anum. See Fig. 481. 
COCHLOSPERMUM (from cochlo, to twist, and 
sperma, a seed; in allusion to the form of the seed). 
Orp. Вітіпет. Magnificent stove evergreen trees or shrubs. 
Flowers yellow, large, panicled, with the peduncles articu- 
lated at the base. Leaves alternate, stipulate, palmatifid 
or digitate ; petioles jointed at the base. They thrive well 
in a compost of loam and peat. Cuttings of ripened shoots, 
taken in April, will root in sand, if placed in bottom heat, 
under a hand glass; but plants raised from seed make 
finer trees. 
Cochlospermum—continued. 
C. Gossypium (cottony) jl. yellow, large. May. l three to five- 
lobed; lobes acute, entire, tomentose beneath. A. 50ft. India, 
1822. SYN. Bombax Gossypium. (В. Е. S. 171.) 
The other two species reputed to have been introduced are orino- 
ceense and vitifolium. 
The Cock- 
COCKCHAFERS (Melolontha vulgaris). 
chafers, or May Bugs, are very destructive, both in the 
larval and the perfect state. In the latter condition, they 
are found during the spring, generally towards the end of 
May. They are rarely seen out in the day, choosing night 
to carry on their depredations. "They feed chiefly on the 
leaves of the Oak, Hazel, Elm, and, Willow, sometimes 
wholly denuding them of their foliage. Cockchafers belong 
to the order Lamellicornes, the antenng of which are 
FIG. 482. FEMALE AND MALE COCKCHAFEls. 
lamellated, or consisting of a series of plates (see Fig. 482). 
The female lays her eggs in the earth, several inches below 
the surface, placing them one by one in a little heap until 
some eighty or ninety have been deposited. The eggs are 
somewhat oval, and of a whiie or pale 
yellow colour. They are hatched in 
about afortnight. As soon as the larva 
has reached its full length (see Fig. 483), 
it measures ljin. or more, and is di 
white, with brown head, and blackish at 
Fic, 485. GRUB OF COCKCHAFER. 
the tail end. By this time, it is three 
and a-half years old, and has subsisted 
on the tender roots of the plants. It 
then takes the pupa form, be 
in the earth until winter is past, an 
the perfect beetle emerges, as previot 
stated, in spring. j 
The following are a few of the nu- 
merous remedies recommended for 
extermination of this коиш pos i 
Where they abound in large quantities, 
they may be shaken down on to 26 
spread under the trees, and afterwards collected an 
destroyed. : 
and some other birds, 
when the soil is dug, 
Mr ot ыа нт colza on the ground infested with 
z 5 ae acm it m dug 
Cockchafer grubs, and when there is a good егор, it ` 
or ploughed in. We have found rape, used in this ‘manner, 
very servi 
Nitrate of Sedi dnd Soot. This, sown at the rate of 
