384. THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Corylopsis— continued. Corylus— continued. 
the species are mentioned below. For culture, see being generally termed a Nut or Filbert stool. As the 
Hamamelis. crop may be considered a permanent one, the soil should 
C. himalayana (Himala; Л. yellow, white ; racemes many- 
flowered. aset а rear dae! or acute, often cordate at the 
base, plicate, glabrous above, silky or tomentose beneath. A, 6ft. 
Khasia Mountains and Bhotan. (B. M. 6779.) 
C. multiflora (many-flowered), from the tea districts of Tokien, in 
China, has not yet been introduced. It has few-nerved, rather 
rigid leaves, glaucous beneath, and long dense-flowered racemes. 
c. (few-flowered) resembles C. spicata in colour, scent, 
bit, &c.; but the leaves are smaller, the racemes contain fewer 
(two to four) flowers, and the plant is dwarfer. Japan. 
" prune becomes a matter of vital moment; for, by 
be carefully prepared, by trenching and manuring. А 
good deep loam, in a rather dry, sunny position, suits 
Hazels best, as it encourages the production of short 
fruit-bearing wood. During severe winters, the male 
blossoms are sometimes injured by frost. In other sea- 
sons, and in certain localities, the cultivated Filbert pro- 
duces few catkins. In either case, these should be 
collected from wild Hazel-nuts, when obtainable, and 
suspended among the better varieties. When planting, 
choose well-established suckers, or layers, four or more 
years old. Firmly stake them as soon as inserted, and - 
place a spadeful or two of manure on the soil, over the 
roots. The intermediate spaces may be cropped with 
potatoes, or other dwarf vegetables, for a year or two. 
PROPAGATION may be effected by seed, by suckers, 
or by layers. Grafting and budding are each practicable, 
and are adopted when growing tall standards or scarce 
varieties. 
Seed. For forming tall standards, seedlings of the 
Constantinople Nut (C. Colwrna), one of the strongest- 
growing of all the Hazels, should be used. These should 
be allowed to run up to a height of 8%. or 10ft., and 
then be grafted with any desired variety. The seed of 
all Nuts may be sown as soon as gathered, or stored 
in sand till the following February or March. They _ 
should be placed thinly in rows, and covered with at — ^ 
least 2in. of soil Most of the Nuts will have started 
before midsummer. In October or November of the second 
year, plant them in lines, 2ft. to 3ft. apart, and from 6in. 
to 15in. from each other in the rows, according to their 
strength. The seed of good varieties seldom produce 
others equal to their parents in quality; consequently, this 
plan of propagation should not be practised with them. _ 
Suckers. For market and garden purposes, all superior 
varieties should be propagated by suckers or layers. The 
Filbert, if left to its own habit, produces suckers in 
abundance. Good cultivators remove all these; but the 
propagator encourages their growth, as each one forms а 
plant. If the soilis poor, the stools should be manured. ; 
Sometimes it may be well to take them up bodily, m 
the autumn, to obtain good roots to each sucker; but, - 
generally, the latter may be removed without disturbing 
the stools. Another crop may be obtained the follo 
autumn. The small plants should be put out like 
two-year-old seedlings, when they will soon grow mw 
useful sizes. The large ones, some of which may 
2ft. to 3ft. high, are best planted out at wider distances, 
or in their fruiting quarters, at once. | 
Layers. Stools kept for layering must be allowed 
make more than those used for suckers only, 2 ® 
certain length and flexibility of shoot are essential to SUC" 
cessful propagation by this method. Free growth must 
be encouraged for a year or two, and, any suitable time 
in winter, the shoots should be bent to the g 
pegged firmly, and covered to a depth of 3in. with e 
They will be well rooted by the following &utumn, 
may then be removed and planted out permanently. 
PRUNING, as distinct from mere heading back, 
important feature in Filbert culture. Even the time 
forming this operation too early, a great many of the m»? 
catkins may be cut away. March, or even April, When 
the female blossoms are fully open, is the best time. The : 
plants bear on the lateral growth of the previous summe? | 
and most plentifully on moderate-sized wood. Hene® 
the young shoots should be stopped to insure such growth 
and as much as possible of the old wood that has alread, 
borne fruit, removed annually. The shape to which Fil 
berts are often formally trained for cultivation in gardens 
is that of a cup or vase. The stem is kept quite clear 
or more at the bottom, and the head is formed by 
