9 
AN ENCYCLOP/EDIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 385 
Corylus—continued. 
less than six branches trained in the shape alluded to. 
These, when old enough, produce the lateral growths for 
fruit production, and the young free growths at the top 
are generally loaded with the male catkins in spring. 
PLANTING is best performed in October. The proper 
distance apart is from 10ft. to 20ft. each way. Some of 
the fertile dwarf varieties may be inserted closer. On 
rich soils, Filberts grow much wider and higher, many 
of the stronger ones reaching a height of 20ft., with a 
spread of branches as much or more in diameter. Such 
vigorous growth is not to be encouraged, as it does not 
conduce to free fruitfulness. 
GATHERING AND STORING. Neither Filberts nor Nuts 
should be gathered till quite ripe, which is easily known 
by the brown colour of the Nut, the tint of the husk, 
and the ease with which the Nuts leave the latter. Fil- 
berts will not keep well in the husks if gathered before 
they are ripe. Nor must they be left until so ripe as to 
allow the Nuts to leave the husks when the trees are 
slightly agitated. In order to prevent the husks becoming 
mouldy when stored, they should first be well dried. 
Some cultivators expose them to sulphur fumes as a pre- 
ventative; others store Nuts in casks or jars, and sprinkle 
them over with salt, for the same purpose, before covering 
up. They must always be kept in a cool, dry place after 
being packed. 
DISTINCTIVE CHARACTER OF NuTS AND FILBERTS. 
This is so often a bewildering question to amateurs, that 
it may be well to-explain fully. The difference lies solely 
in the length of the husks. Nuts with husks as long аз, Or 
longer than, the Nuts themselves, are called Filberts. АП 
that have husks shorter than the fruit are designated 
Nuts. Some varieties, if this rule were strictly applied, 
could hardly be referred to either. Again, Filberts served 
- without their husks are called Nuts. 
Insects, &c. The Nut crop is sometimes much injured 
by the Nut Weevil (Balaninus nucum), which pierces 
and inserts a single egg within the shell of the tender 
Nut, in spring. This, by the time the Nut is nearly 
matured, forms into a small grub, and, eating its way 
out, falls to, and buries itself in, the ground, where it 
becomes a pupa, and emerges as a perfect insect the 
following season. The only preventative is to gather 
any perforated nuts that may be shaken off early in the 
season, and burn them. The Squirrel and Dormouse are 
also well-known as being most destructive animals to the 
Nut crop, as, apart from what are eaten by them at the 
time, as many as possible are stored for a future supply. 
poe a gle ele Madr ot el 
lucre of the fruit roundish, campanulate, longer than the nut; 
l. roundish, cordate, acumi- 
Canada to Florida, in low, shady woods, 
C. Avellana (Avellino.* Common Hazel or Filbert. /L, males 
April Nut brown, ripe in October ; 
the margin. l. roundish, cordate, pointed : 
obtuse, A. 20ft. and upwards. Buon, (Britain), North Africa 
and temperate Asia, 
C. Colurna (Colurna).* Constantinople Hazel. Л. as in the 
common Hazel, but longer and larger. Nut small ; involucre of 
the fruit double, the exterior many- te, the inner three. 
tite; divisions palmate. Z. roundish-ovate, cordate; stipules 
nceolate, acuminate. л. 60ft. Asia Minor, 1665. 
c. ylla (variable-leaved). 1. cordate at the base, 
broadly obovate, irregularly toothed, five to seven-lobed, the 
lateral lohes often as long as the terminal one. Nut globose, 
scarcely inclosed by the large irregularly-cut bracts with spread- 
ing lobes. Eastern Asia, 1880. A very distinct shrub or small tree. 
C. rostrata (beaked). Flowers and fruit as in the common Hazel. 
Involucre of the fruit tubular, campanulate, larger than the nut, 
JArtite ; divisions inciso-dentate. l. ovate, oblong, acuminate; 
ear- late. A. 4ft. to 5ft. Canada to Carolina, on 
Б MARTIN, 1745. A bushy shrub. This species closely resembles 
.. form of a 3 
common European Hazel; but is distinguished from it by its 
covered with the calyx, which is prolonged in the 
whence the specific name. 
hairy beak, 
Corylus—continued. 
C. tubulosa (tubular)* Lambert’s Filbert. Nu large, oblong; 
shell thick and strong, the kernel being covered wie a red Mul 
husk long, rather smooth, serrated at the edges, longer than the 
nut. A fine, strong-growing, free-fruiting variety. It is also 
ome as Filbert Cob, Great Cob, Kentish Cob, Large Bond 
, &c. 
Of C. Avellana and С. tubulosa there are numerous 
varieties, the most important of which are enumerated 
below : 
Alba.* White Filbert. This is one of the finest varieties in 
cultivation. From the peculiar structure of the husk, which 
contracts, rather than opens, at the outer edge, this Filbert can 
be kept longer in its cover than most others. This is also 
own as Avelinier Blanche, Wrotham Park, &c. 
Cosford.* Miss Young's, Thin-shelled. Nut oblong, of excellent 
quality ; husk hirsute, deeply laciniated, about as long as the 
nut. This is valuable from the thinness of its shell, as no nut- 
crackers are needed in order to get at its contents. 
Crispa.* Cape-nut, Frizzled Filbert. Nuts thin, somewhat 
flattened, late ; husks richly and curiously frizzled throughout, — 
open wide at the mouth, and hanging about as long again as the 
nut. This is an enormous cropper, producing its fruit in clusters. — 
Downton Square.* Nut very large; shell thick and 
well-tilled ; husk smooth, shorter than the nut. A peculiarly- 
formed semi-square nut, of the highest quality. 
Grandis.* Round Cob-nut. Nut large, short, slight d 
very thick and hard; husk shorter than the fruit, much frizal 
oat eis 2088 із "ues. to be the bp Бахыш Nut of 
nerce, and is one of the finest grown. e quality i 
-— ts at its highest. ee the mut j is first К жу 
rous synonyms, including the following : 
ton, Dwarf Prolific, Great Cob, Prolific, and Round Cob, 
le-leaved AE e and fine, and as deeply 
coloured as the finer varieties P IR. Beech. Nutsand husk 
of the same colour, which they retain; husks l 
nuts, and hairy. is is а very len 
Filbert. Avelinier Rouge, Red Nut medium size, - 
ovate; shell thick; husk long: = › 
variety, of fine quality. 
Hazel. 
hispid. A 
founded with the Round Cob-nu£ and its synonyms. E 
CORYMB. A raceme, the pedicels of which are ue 
. gradually shorter as they approach the summit, so that 
the result is a flat-headed inflorescence, as in Candytuft. 
CORYNOCARPUS (from koryne, a club, and karpos, _ 
a fruit; in reference to the shape of the fruit). On». 
Anacardiacem. А greenhouse evergreen shrub. For 
culture, see Ardisia. iue EON 
C. levigata (smooth) fl. white, dis coal in large, t 
panicles. fr. plum-like ; when fully fines the drupaceou: 
eaten by natives, a$ are also the kernels after the 
property they are said to possess is dissipated by st 
maceration n salt water. l alternate, кей, obova 
sha sub-emarginate, quite entire, glabrous. 
d, 1825. (B. M. 4379.) ү ег 
kor T : 
C. Afzelii "x 
into a broadly ovate-acute 
and marked with white stripes ; spadix = à 
shaped mass; produced at a different tim trs ot Ede 
slender petioles lft. to 2%. high ; the lim! nto three, rarel: 
main divisions, each of -— again spie = ean pinna Ше; 
wo, subdivisions, these latter are in their turn pini кай. 
ultimate segments varying and breadth, but always | 
decurrent at the base, and sharply pointed at the apex. Tropical © 
o E 1873. (G. C. 1872, 1619.) iced E a 
A. elegans (elegant)* l, segments very narrow, а 
drooping than s die of ihe other varieties; leafstalk green, 
self-coloured. eere ? с 
C. A. latifolia (broad-leaved). Ё. 
much subdivided am. do tho others 
divided into two segments, 
с. rap a ess )* L, lower part of the stem puce- 
coloured, and marked wit! ‘dark linear oblong spots. Е E 
CORYNOSTYLIS (from koryne, а club, and stylos, a 
column; alludi the club-shaped style) Syn. Calyp- 
segments broader, and not s0 
"each main subdivision being 
and these again bear two or three - 
trion. Omp. Vielariem. Elegant climbing stove shrubs. 
| Flowers white, large; petals five, Ems 
It has 
ona, Down- : 
Spanish. Nut very large, oblong; shell thick; husk smooth, —— 
onger than the fruit. A very large variety, sometimes con- _ 
