mss 
AN ENCYCLOPZEDIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 387 
Cosmos—continued. 
C. tenuifolius (slender-leaved). /l-heads rich purple ; outer bracts 
of involucre less acuminate than those of С. bipinnatus. 
Autumn. l. very finely cut, almost Fennelike. A. lft. to 2ft. 
Mexico. Annual. (B. R. 2007.) 
COSSIGNIA (named after M. Cossigny, a French 
naturalist, once resident at Pondicherry, who presented 
Commerson with an herbarium of the plants of Coro- 
mandel). ORD. Sapindacem. An ornamental stove shrub, 
with impari-pinnate leaves. A compost of two parts loam, 
and one each of peat and sand, suits the Cossignia. 
Thorough drainage, and a liberal supply of water, are 
essential points in its culture. ‘“ This plant may be in- 
creased by cuttings of the ripe wood, inserted in sand, 
and plunged in a strong moist heat; we have not, how- 
ever, found them root very freely” (B. S. Williams). 
C. borbonica (Bourbon). A synonym of C. pinnata. 
pinnata (pinnate).* Л. white, panicled. 7. impari-pinnate, with 
ч Т ive Вы entire leaflets, somewhat scabrous 
above, dark green, with bright orange-yellow veins beneath. 4A. 
lOft. to 20ft. Mauritius, 1811. Syn. С. borbonica. 
COSSUS. See Goat Moth. 
COSTA. The midrib of a leaf; that part which is a 
direct extension of the petiole, whence the veins arise. 
COSTZ:. Any longitudinal elevations. 
COSTATE. Ribbed. 
COSTMARY, or ALECOST (Tanacetum Balsamita). 
A hardy perennial, native of the Orient, but now become 
naturalised in many parts of South Europe. The leaves 
were formerly put into ale, and are now sometimes used 
in salads.  The-plant has a peculiar odour, and is not 
much used in this country. Propagation is effected by 
division of the roots, in early spring or in autumn, plant- 
ing 2ft. apart, in a dry, warm situation, where they 
may remain for several years. 
COSTUS (an ancient name, adopted from Pliny). Syn. 
Tsiana. ORD. Scitaminee. А genus of about twenty-five 
species of stove perennial herbs, few of which are in culti- 
vation. Flowers in spikes, with overlapping bracts; tube 
of corolla funnel-shaped; the outer segments of the limb 
equal; the innermost, or middle segment—the lip or la- 
bellum—large, bell-shaped. Leaves fleshy. Roots tuberous. 
The species are of simple culture in a compost of sandy 
loam, to which a little peat is added. Propagated easily 
by dividing the roots. 
C. Afer (Afer). ji. white, tinged with yellow. Summer. 1. ovate- 
elliptic, narrowly acuminate. h. 2ft. Sierra Leone, 1821. (B. M. 
4979.) 
C. igneus (fiery).* /. bright orange-scarlet. J. elliptic, acuminate, 
glabrous. л. lft. to 3ft. Bahia, 1882. (I. Н. n. s. 511.) 
C. Malortieanus (Malortie’s).* fl. golden-yellow, onde with 
iregular orange-red bands. 7. large, obovate, acute, shortly 
si ^. lit, to 3ft. Costa Rica, 1860. (В. M. 5894.) 
et showy). jl. white. August. J. silky beneath. A. 
ft. India, 199. (Р. М. Б. 4, 245.) 
С. spiralis (spiral). _searlet. November. i. long-elliptic, 
_ thick, shining. Ea ents 
сото: (from Cotoneum, the Quince-tree, 
and aster, like; similar to the Quince-tree). Rose Box. 
ORD. Козасет. A genus of hardy shrubs or small trees. 
Flowers white or pink, small, solitary, or in axilary or 
terminal eymes, sometimes polygamous; petals five, im- 
brieate in bud; stamens twenty, inserted at the mouth 
of the calyx. Leaves simple, coriaceous, quite entire, 
generally woolly beneath. There are about fifteen species, 
all of which are excellent for shrubberies and gardens; 
several are very ornamental when trained against a wall, 
where their intense scarlet fruits remain very conspicuous 
throughout the winter. Cotoneasters are of easy cul- 
tivation in ordinary garden soil. They may be readily 
propagated by seed, which should be sown in spring; by 
cuttings, in autumn; by layers, at the same time; or by 
grafting on C. vulgaris or the common Quince, or on tho 
Hawthorn. 
April May. fr. turbinate, scarlet. 
or acute, at length glabrous beneath. 
С. acuminata (taper-pointed’ ink; es one to five- 
flowered, very shore "A Ф м "ад 
Cotoneaster— continued. 
h. sometimes 14ft. Nepaul, 1820. Deciduous. SYN. M 
acuminata. (L. В. C. 912) =ч 
C. bacillaris (staff-like). f., cymes short, many-flowered, - 
puberulous. i, oblong or obovate, or oblong-lanceolate, woolly 
or glabrescent beneath, acute or obtuse, narrowed into the petiole. 
Nepaul Hardy deciduous. Much used for walking sticks, hence 
the specific name. 
C. buxifolia (Box-leaved).* 1. white, rather large ; cymes two to 
six-flowered, woolly, short. April and May. i. elliptic-acute or 
apiculate-ovate, woolly beneath, evergreen. А. Sft. to 4ft. 
Nilghiri, &c., 1824. 
C. frigida (frigid).* t white; cymes woolly, very many-flowered. 
April and May. l. oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute, narrowed 
to the base, tomentose beneath. h. 10ft. Nepaul, 1824. А sub- 
evergreen shrub or tree. (B. В. 1229.) 
C. laxiflora (loose-füowered) jl. pink; cymes panicled, pilose; 
calyces quite smooth. April.” J. ороп ; obtuse at both ends, 
woolly beneath. А. 3ft. to 5ft. 1826. Deciduous. (B. R. 1305.) 
C. micro lla (smallleaved)* jl. white, usually solitary. 
April and May. 4. ovate or obovate, acute, retuse or obtuse, 
glossy above, pubescent or tomentose beneath. Л. 3ft. to 4ft- 
ез, 1824. Evergreen. (B. R. 1114.) ‘‘Grafted standard 
high on the thorn, or any of its congeners,” says Loudon, “ this 
shrub forms a singular and beautiful evergreen drooping tree; 
or it will cover a naked wall nearly as rapidly as Ivy; and it 
Possesses a decided advantage over that plant, in its shoots, 
which may be prevented from extending many inches from the 
face of the wall, and, consequently, being not likely to injure 
the plants growing near it." 
C. nummularia (Nummularia-like),* white ; es wooll 
very short, two i five-flowered. we ind Mey. J bres id 
b 
or densely silky-woolly beneath. А, 10ft. to loft. Kashmir, — 
Thibet, &c., 1824. Ап elegant and distinct sub-ever-- 
green species. ы; 
C. rotundifolia (round-leaved). fl. white, solitary, sub-sessile, 
April and May. J. orbicular, or orbiculate-obovate, m ; 
abrous or sparsely hairy above and beneath; pilose beneath. 
Sft. to 4ft. Nepaul, 1825. Evergreen. (Ref. B. 54.) 
C. Simonsii (Simons’s).* jl. solitary or twin, nearly sessile, on 
short lateral branches. April. Z nearly lin, му mts 
orbicular acuminate, glabrous above, sparsely silky beneath. 
Origin unknown. Evergreen in mild winters, Probably one of 
the best. (Ref. B. 55.) 
С. thymifolia (Thyme.leaved)* Л. pinkish, small April, 
E etd on QUE чуг Kare above, silvery-w 
neath. Temperate Himalayas, A very pretty 
gested, crown D. Becerrod 
®` a 
less than lft. high, with con 
branches, and scarlet fruits. (Ref. B. 50 d 
C. t. esta (congested). Л. white. 1. palish obovate- 
oblong, thinly glaucous silky Be Western Himalayas, 1868. 
A neat evergreen, forming a compact rounded mass, wit ded 
recurved, remarkably congested branches, and globose scarlet - 
fruits. (Ref. B. 51.) 
vulgaris (common)* fi, reddish ; es lateral, few-fl 
May and us. jr. pou: shinies ae 1. broadly elliptic 
oblong, rounded or acute at the tip, pubescent beneatl 
Sft. to 5ft. Europe (Britain), North and West Asia, 
Himalayas. Deciduous. SYN. Mespilus Co ‚ (Sy. 1 
477.) There is also a black-fruited form of this species. 
COTTON. See Gossypium. muc 
COTTON GRASS. See Eriophorum. - 
COTTON THISTLE. See Ono 
COTTON-TREE. See Plag 
COTTON-TREE, SILK. See. : 
COTYLEDON (from kotyle, a na pet 
the cup-like leaves of some of t ^ "icai siet 
чар Orassulacee. Under ioii eT үзе E Té 
cheveria, Pachyphytum, Pistorinia, and Umbiwus. oF 
render the баш clearer, the typieal characters of. pres = 
four sections are given below. - The differences p" ein E 
botanical; and the gea: the groups is — 
Greenhouse evergreens, except where o ter 
Cotyledon. | Calyx five-parted ; corolla gamopetaloge, x 
with а five-lobed, spreadingly reflexed limb ; stamens ten, 
adnate at the base to the tube of the corolla; scales oval; 
carpels five, each drawn out into a subulate style. Fleshy 
shrubs, from the Cape of Good Hope. в. 4 
йай Pachyphytum). Calyx five-parte 
corolla urceolate, fi 
$n 
