AN 
421 
OF HORTICULTURE. 
Cymbidium continued. 
C. giganteum (gigantic).* fl. large; sepals and petals brown; 
lip brown, stained with ae and "lotched with purple ; racemes 
erect, many-flowered. Winter and spring, lasting several weeks 
in beauty. The plant has a distinct pseudo-bulb, which is clothed 
with the broad sheathing bases of the long sword-like leaves. 
Northern India, 1837. A strong and bold-growing species, but 
somewhat shy at flowering. See Fig.590. (P. M. B. xii. 241.) 
C. Hookerianum кее Л. very large, upwards of 4in. in 
diameter; sepals and pe green; lip straw-coloured, deep 
yellow at the margins, round which are large blotches of rich 
purple racemes erect. Sikkim Himalayas, 1866. A fine cool- 
ouse a similar to C. giganteum in habit, but striped with 
greenish-yellow at base of the leaves. (B. M. 5574.) 
C. Huttoni (Hutton’s).* fi. rather large; petals wholly of a deep 
chocolate-colour ; se and lip thickly marked with transverse 
hocolate-coloured bars on a whitish ground; racemes long, 
drooping, radical. l. twin, coriaceous, nerveless. Pseudo-bulbs 
elongated. Java, 1857. A very distinct species. (B. M. 5676.) 
Leachianum (Leach’s).* fl., sepals and petals ligulate, acute, 
whitish-ochre colour, with a brown line running nearly to the 
apex; lip nearly totally brown except the whitish disk with 
two ек, three-lobed; racemes loose, l. linear-lanceolate, 
acute. Formosa, 1878. 
C. longifolium (long-leaved). Л. olive-green, brown, whitish. 
November, India, 1873. 
C. Lowianum (Low’s).* fl. large: sepals and petals green, with a 
few faint sepia-brown lines over the strongest nerves ; lip whitish- 
yellow; disk of anterior lacinia in the beginning purple, later 
maroon brownish-purple, with a very narrow pallid border, a few 
spots at base of lip. March. Burmah, 1877. (б. C. m. S., Xi. 405.) 
С. Mastersii (Masters’).* fl. pure ivory-white, saving a stain of 
pink on the lip, and with a fragrance like that of almonds: 
racemes егесі, many-flowered. Winter. Assam,1841. In general 
appearance, the growth of this species resembles C. eburneum, 
but the leaves are longer, broader, and more recurved, and are 
destitute of the close sheathing base which is a striking feature 
in that plant. (Gn., May, 1884.) There are one or more varie- 
ties of this species. 
C. ochroleucum. Se Camaridium ochroleucum. 
C. Parishii (Parish’s).* A very rare and beautiful species. De- 
scribed as follows: sepals and petals ivory-white; lip with an 
о middle zone, and an orange disk to the anterior lobe, both 
painted with purplish-brown spots. The side lobes of the lip have 
numerous spots of a most lively purplish-violet, which give the 
chief charm to the flower. The back side of the column is white, 
the edges are yellow, and the front side is yellow, with some 
brownish-purple spots on the foot. Peduncle two or three- 
flowered. l. ligulate, narrow, acute. Burmah, 1874. (W. O, A. 25.) 
C. pendulum (pendulous). fl., sepals and petals brown ; li red, 
striped with white ; racemes long, шор, from 1ft. to Ун. іп 
length, many-flowered. July апа August. erect, long, narrow, 
thick, leathery, dark green.  Nepaul, 1838. 
plant. (B. R. 26, 25.) юу A ns ам old 
urpureum (purple). very some variety, producing 
D edi from 2ft. AU, 56. long ; sepals and petals of a rich deep red ; 
lip white, with crimson markings. East Indies, 1868. 
C. sinense (Chinese).* fl. deliciously fragrant : or geo and petals 
brown and purple; lip yellowish-green, spotted with purple; 
racemes tall, erect, many-floWered. China, 1793. (L. B. С. 37.) 
C. tigrinum (striped). Л. large; sepals and petals greenish- 
yellow, spotted with red; lip large, tapering to a point, middle 
portion white, striped with cross of purple, sides of the lip 
also purple. J. about біп. long. Pseudo-bulbs nearly round. 
ш, 1864. (В. М. 5457.) 7 
cvi Boat-shaped. 
E res JS A synonym of Stachytarpheta 
A large-growing 
pp. 
rescenee which is branched and cen- 
trifugal, the central flower always opening first. Example: 
Cerastium. koc су. | j 
CYNANCHUM (from kynos, a dog, and ancho, to 
strangle; in allusion to +6; oisonous properties of some 
species) Syn. SymplwoglosSwm. ORD. Asclepiadem. A 
genus containing about eighteen species of twining herbs 
or sub-shrubs, natives of South Europe, Africa, Asia, and 
Australia. Umbels interpetiolar; corolla sub-rotate, five- 
parted; corona membranous, forming a loose спр or tube 
round the anthers; anthers terminated by a membrane. 
Leaves opposite. The following species are of very easy 
culture in ordinary garden soil; and are readily propa- 
gated by dividing the roots, in spring. 
c. aoutum (acute). Л. white or rose-coloured, scented, in small, 
Б 
deep! 
Pg = terminal н. July. i ч нм, 
у cordate е base. Л. 2ít. to l2ft. Sou turope, &с. 
Hardy climber. 
c. nigrum (black). _ А synonym of Vincetoxicum nigrum. 
C. pilosum (pilose), А synonym of Vincetoxicum pilosum, 
Cynanchum —continued. 
C. roseum (rosy).* 1, rosy-red. Summer. L shortl stalked, 
narrow-linear. Ж, tolift. Western Asia. Hardy ент ay 
SYN. Cycoctonum roseum. 
C. Vincetoxicum (Vincetoxicum). А synonym of Vincetoxicum 
oflicinale. 
CYNARA (from kyon, a dog; the spines of the in- 
volucre being likened to dogs’ teeth). Artichoke. Овр. 
Composite. A genus containing about six species of hardy 
herbaceous thistle-like perennials, natives of the Mediter- 
ranean region and Canary Islands. Involucre broad or 
sub-globose ; coriaceous bracts in many series; receptacle 
fleshy, flat, densely setose; pappus hairs many-seriate, 
plumose. Although some of these are much more gene- 
rally grown for economic purposes than for floricultural 
ornament, few plants are more stately or effective when 
planted in the backgrounds of borders or the outskirts 
of shrubberies. For culture and propagation, see Arti- 
choke (Globe) and Cardoon. 
о камаша. eon. А-ай раве scales abu v 
» ugust and 5 E LE 3 
ci ines , 1658. (B. M. 8241) it — 
. horrida (horrid). fl- à ber. & 
pinnatifid, E LOL a papi, MAMMA = ы leaves 
and ріппге connate at base. h. 6ft. South Euro &c., 1768. 
(S. Е. С. 834.) i 
с. Scolymus. Globe Artichoke. JL-heads purple, very large; 
involucre consisting of oval-obtuse, sometimes emarginate, downy 
scales. Autumn. /, long, nearly pinnatifid, somewhat spiny; 
under surface covered with white cottony down. А. 3ft. to 6ft. 
1548. This is not a species, but merely а cultivated form of 
C. Cardunculus; it is nowhere found wild. 
CYNIPS. See Galls. 
CYNIPS ROSIE. See Rose-Galls. 
CYNOCRAMBE. А synonym of Thelygonum 
(which see). i ч 
CYNOGLOSSUM (from kyon, kunos, а dog, and - 
in allusion to the form of the leaves 
glossa, & tongue; 
of most species).  Hound's Tongue. Овр. Boraginee. 
or perennials, soft to the 
Tall, robust, downy biennials 
touch, Racemes usually bractless, secund, terminal, simple, 
bifid, or twin; corolla funnel-shaped or sub-rotate; throat 
closed by prominent scales. Leaves large, broadest at top. 
All the species are coarse-growing, but the flowers of some — 
are very pretty. For culture, see Di: kr a A 
C. cheirifolium (Wallflower-leaved). ., corolla rose-coloured, _ 
processes of the throat deep red; d cteate, terminal, 
simple. Juneand July. ij. lanceolate, obtuse, tomentose, he 
h. біп. to lZin. South Europe, 1596. Biennial t 
с. 2ioscort ў (овора. J., corolla red or T шеа, — 
with deeper veins; racemes elonga bractless, loose, usually = 
terminal. June. Z narrow-lanceolate, acuminated, dilated at * 
the base, rather hispid. A. laft. to 2ft. ‘South-west Europe, 1820. 
iennial. , MU TT 
C. officinale (ofücinal) JL, corolla reddish; proce 
throat purple ; racemes bractless, panicled at the 
are open, terminating the branches and stem. 
ones broad-lanceolate; superior ones br st af 
canescent from downy tomentum. A. 2ft. 
Biennial. ME 
C. o. bicolor (two-coloured , corolla. 
cesses in the throat red, hel thst mar 
l. lanceolate, narrowed at the base, di 
исе Germany. Biennial . 
+ pictum (painted). fl, corolla purple 
with deeper-coloured, dichotombast 
at top; racemes braetless. August. 
з 
due Stem tly 
ones ovate-lanceol eqs 
angular. 4. 2ft. South Europe, М (B. M. 2134.) ; 
C, Virginicum (Virginian). t, corolla pale blue; racemes 
bractless. July. ee er опер somewhat i а base er 
superior ones c ig by a деер | 
Oblong, acute; smooth: 
beneath. А. 2ft. to 
m а І 
matrix; in reference to the shape and consistence ay the | 
pods). Orn. Leguminose. Stove evergreen trees. Flowers 
red, rising from the main trunk of the tree. Legumes 
brown, edible, Leaves abruptly pinnate, consisting of a 
Single pair of leaflets. About twenty species are known 
| to science; they are distributed over the tropical p 
of both hemispheres. For culture, see Copaifera. 
