504 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Echites—continued. . : 
(River Francisco). 
рег, l dark green. Brazil, 1845. ( 
A pretty, distinct variety. 
- a may be cultivated е 
wall or pillar. (B. M. 4 
ov, noting, in 
E. franciscea . Л. purplish-red, large ; 
peduncles short, producing from six to ei «X с zen 
E. f. sulphurea (sulphur.* fl. sulphur-coloured, with 
tube y eme gm A eye; smaller than in the type. 
It is a free-growing stove А 
er in a pot, and supported by neat 
rods or a wire trellis ; or О 7 ted out in а border, against а back 
а red 
peduncu- 
ber, Pn 
1. ovate-oblong, g 
downy. h. 6ft. Brazil, 1831. ( 
tube, large, with a white or pale yello 
umbels few-flowered. July. Ё ovate- 
mucronate, 2}in. long. West Indies, &e., 1738. _ 
“this plant by Dioscorides). 
shrubby or herbaceous, hardy or 
hand glass, but they are 
The herbaceous 
above, downy, beneath. 
E. umbellata (umbellate). fl., corolla silky villous inside the 
w limb ànd green 
with beautiful 
c OPE. (В. M. 24 Indies, 1823. See 
- i ~ ith a net- 
which is bri with a 
2 Kandi à nspicuously from ight red or МС and 
d ie A very handsome plant. (E. d. S. 1122) 
- splendens (splendid). A synonym of Dipladenia splendens 
E. stellaris .* A, rose, dpi. : 
hispid, ten to twe s ered "RS en —R нщ» 
tube; 
> cuspidately 
ECHIUM (from Echion, the old Greek name given to 
Vipers Bugloss.  ORp. 
Boraginee. A genus of about twenty species 
South European and Oriental) of very handsome Tough, 
Flowers in spiked or panicled racemes, recurved at top. 
Leaves alternate. All the species of this large 
are of very easy culture in good ordinary garden soil. 
ttings of the shrubby sorts will root in 
(chiefty 
genus 
more readily increased | 
eultivation. About fifty forms have been de. 
ed аз. p & careful study of the 
genus would 
Echium—continued. 
recurved at the ends. l. forming a dense tuft, linear-lancedlate, 
tapering at the base. h. біп. to 18in. Spain. Plant clothed with 
an p bristly hairs. Hardy perennial (G. C. n. s., 
xv. 301. 
E. candicans (whitish).* fl., corolla blue, pilose at top outside ; 
gemi terminal, conical; spikelets pedunculate, simple. May. 
. lanceolate, clothed with silky, silvery, canescent down. Stem 
branched. А. 2ft. to 4ft. Madeira, 1777. Greenhouse biennial. 
E. creticum (Cretan). fl., corolla reddish-violet, irregular; 
spikelets simple, axillary, and terminal, many-flowered. July. 
1. oblong-lanceolate, hispid. Stem herbaceous, diffuse, very 
hispid, branched at the base. A. 6in. to 18in. South Europe, 
1685. Hardy annual. (B. M. 1934.) 
E. fastuosum (proud)* fl., corolla deep blue, campanulate ; 
paniele thyrsoid, ovate, large, dense; spikelets pedunculate, 
simple. April to August. l. oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, 
veiny, beset with soft white hairs, ciliated. Stem branched, 
rather villous above. h. 2it. to 4ft. Canary Islands, 1779. Green- 
house evergreen. (R. H. 1876, 10.) 
E. vulgare (common). fl., corolla fine purple in bud, afterwards 
violet-blue, downy outside ; racemes terminal, spike-formed, long ; 
spikelets spreading, simple. Stem usually simple, tubercled. 
h. 2ft. to 4ft. Europe (Britain). Biennial. (Sy. En. B. 1095.) - 
ECLOPES. Included under Relhania (which see). 
EDELWEISS. See Leontopodium alpinum. 
EDENTATE. Without teeth. © ` 
EDGEWORTHIA (named in honour of M. P. Edge- 
worth, of the East India Co.’s service, and a botanist). 
ORD. Thymelacec. Ornamental greenhouse evergreen 
shrubs, closely allied to Daphne. The only other species 
besides that here described is a native of East Indies.— 
They grow best in & compost of two parts sandy loam 
and one part turfy peat. Good drainage, and a liberal 
supply of water in summer, are essential in the culture 
of these plants. Increased by cuttings, inserted in sandy 
soil, under a bell glass, in spring. 
hrysan SES SER. к і : f 
E antaa eieae i e 1. danced 
late, stalked, dull en, pilose on the ribs beneath. A, lit. 
China and Japan, 1845. (B. R. 1847, 48.) N 
EDGING. This term is applied to dwarf plants, turf, 
or material of any description, used in gardens for dividing 
beds, borders, &c., from the walks. It also refers to an 
outside line of short plants in an arrangement with others 
of a taller-growing character. Turf verges are only to 
be recommended for flower gardens or pleasure grounds, 
where they should be wide enough to admit of mowing 
with the machine each time the lawns are cut. In a 
kitchen garden, they would necessitate too much work 
in keeping in order, as, besides mowing the verge, the 
Edge on each side of it would require to be frequently 
clipped. Box Edging is largely used for walks, and looks 
well if the whole length grows evenly. It has, however, 
the disadvantage of harbouring slugs, &c., and also of being 
liable to destruction in patches by severe frosts. Thick 
corrugated tiles, placed lengthways in a vertical position, 
г common bricks, used similarly, but set on an angle - 
towards the walk, form a clean and permanent Edging, © 
when properly laid, for kitchen gardens. These latter are 
also uninjured by salt or acids, used in many places for 
killing weeds in the gravel. In preparing the | 
for an Edging of any description for walks, it should first 
be firmly and evenly trod its full length, and also 
raked. The proper levels should be mark 
pegs, driven in the ground about 10ft. 
pegs are placed straight, and а lin 
touch their tops, the necessity 
soil in any part of it may be 
possible to cut out, plant, or fi 
the ground is not previously car ) 
EDGING-IRON. # crescent-shaped tool, made of 
steel, ста socket for the insertion of а straight wooden 
handle. It is most useful for cutting turf verges by the 
Sides of walks, flower-beds, &c., as, being well under the 
guidance of the hand, ft may be employed with equal 
facility either in a curved or straight line. Ў 
EDRAIANTHUS. See Wahlenbergia 
