AN ENCYCLOP/EDIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 509 
Endive—continued. 
. and the result would be an excellent supply of salad 
in many places where now the existence of the means 
of such supply is unknown. 
Cultivation. Endive is seldom forced, and is unsuited 
for early summer cultivation. If, however, it is required, 
seed may be sown in a frame or a warm border, in April, 
and successional sowings made each time the previous 
one is well up. A first, of the Curled-leaved early sorts, 
should, in all cases, be made not later than the beginning 
or middle of July; another, of the Broad-leaved varieties, 
early in August; and a third in the middle or at the 
latter end of that month. In many gardens, Endive 
runs prematurely to seed when sown earlier than the 
dates mentioned; while in others, in cold districts, 
it would be advisable to precede them in each case, in 
order to have the plants fully grown before winter. 
The Curled varieties, being close-growing, more tender, 
and blanching quicker than those with broad leaves, 
hould be selected for the first supply. The seed may 
be sown either thinly in beds, and transplanted when 
large enough; or in the open ground where the plants 
are intended to remain. A border with a south or a 
West aspect is best; and if a previous early crop, such 
as Potatoes or Peas, has been removed from the soil, 
it will generally be in good condition by merely levelling 
own. Drills, 1ft. or 14ft. apart, may be drawn, and 
the seed inserted thinly, and covered with a rake. The 
young plants, when large enough to handle, should be 
е out to about lft. apart, and wed blank spaces 
m r ; i | 
S uraged by wat if the weather is dry, 
his will tend to prevent seeding. As soon as they 
are nearly full grown, blanching may- be commenced, 
and this will be. found practicable in many and various 
ways. Tying-up is sometimes sufficient ; but, generally, 
. inverted flower-pots, with the hole in the bottom stopped 
up; boards, placed at right angles over the rows, and 
covered with mats; frames with the glass darkened, or 
y other similar means, may be adopted with equally good 
results. The plants should, in no case, be covered except 
when quite dry. The blanching process takes from ten 
days to a fortnight, and, as Endive does not keep good 
for any length of time in this condition, a small quantity 
hould be covered at frequent intervals. It is of little use 
unless thoroughly blanched. About the end of October, 
full-sized plants should ‘be lifted and stored close 
together in a frost-proof place, choosing a dry day for 
he operation. Any spare frames or pits may be utilised 
the purpose; sheds will also be suitable for those 
intended to be used . if the latter are covered and 
protected from frost. W sufficient plants are grown, 
means are at command for their preservation in 
winter, the season for Endive may be prolonged until 
the appearance of early Lettuces, w ёр. 5 
T not curled, being termed Broad-leaved Endives. 
Endive- continued. 9 
Seed-saving. Only such plants as are true to the 
character of the variety should be kept for this purpose. 
Seed is best obtained from selected plants, which should 
be protected in winter by some means, and allowed to 
grow the following season. The flower-heads should be 
tied to stakes, and the seed gathered, dried, and stored, 
as it ripens. It will keep good for several years, and 
is preferred by some when rather old, as the plants are 
considered not liable to seed again so quickly as if it 
were newly-gathered. 
Sorts. These may be separated into „two classes: one, 
having narrow and much divided leaves, is called Curled 
Endives (see Fig. 705); the other, with larger leaves, 
. . FiG. 706. BROAD-LEAVED ENDIVE. 
Fig. 
706). both 
Subjoined is a selection from the best 
S. 
. 
э 
BROAD-LEAVED BATAVIAN, а vigorons-growing variety, much cul. 
tivated, requires tying up; FRENCH HMALL GREEN. CURLED, 
CURLED, dark green, narrow and much divided; LARGE s 
PICPUS CURLED, a compact, close-hearted variety; SMALL BA- 
TAVIAN, broad leaves, the inner ones naturally forming a heart 
WHITE BaTAVIAN, broad-leaved, an excellent variety for blanch- 
ing. vit uda 
ENDOCARP. The inner membrane 
lining of a carpel. 7 
when it is formed by successive additions to its centre. 
ENDOGENS. See Monocotyledomns. 
ENGINES, GARDEN. These are of two descrip- 
tions, several forms of both being in use in gardens. 
by the hand; the other is the in 
from being constructed on two v 
small, early, and very dwarf, blanches quickly ; ITALIAN GREEN 
CURLED, hardy, ties up well; Moss CURLED, small, fi 
SrAG'S HORN, curled variety, hardy, much 1 
ENDIVE, WILD. See Chicory. _ 
ENDOGENOUS. A stem is said to be Endogenous 
ENDOSPERM. The albumen of a = 
is termed a Hand Engine, from its 
handle fixed to either side. . 
tinuous stream from the jet when Ы 
| former kind are not erior to а good : 
Barrow Engine is most useful. for syringing trees or 
plants that require a force of water. Peach and other 
fruit-trees, either in houses or on walls outside, may be 
syringed frequently in the season of growth, excepting 
when in flower, and kept clean much more effectually 
by this than by any other method. This kind of Engine 
is also most useful for washing the glass inside of fruit 
and plant houses, аё any time. Тһе Barrow Engine is 
composed of an oval jd cistern, made preferably of 
wood, but sometimes of galvanised iron. It is invariably 
broader each way at ће bottom than at the top. The lid 
is generally perforated, and either movable or fixed in Е 
two parts on hinges to the cross bridge that holds all — 
the other parts їп position. The working arrangements 
Ете. 705. CURLED-LEAVED ENDIVE. 
inside ai - similar in principle to that of a force- 
pump, ed oon of two upright cylinders, one con- 
