GEKEEAL REPORT. xxix 
mountain sides from base to summit, AmelancJder Canadensis and Si/?npIto- 
ricarpus montanus of equally wide range but in rather moister localities, and 
also Prunus demissa, but confined to the neighborhood of streams. On the 
stream-banks in the lower canons may be Ribes irriguwn, Rosa, and \ai i()us 
willows, with Sa7nhucus glauca and Cornus pube^cens^ or more rarely Cratagus 
rivularis or Alnus incana. Equally conspicuous with any of Ihesc and cover- 
ing abundantly the moist rich hillsides are Wijelhia ampk.riani//s, l^oplutnlltns 
urticcEfolius^ and Geranium Richardsonii. 
The mountain flora shows a larger nundxM- of slinil)])y species Wwwx that 
of the valleys, though many of them are very spariii-rly disl ribiiled. Among 
the herbaceous species there is a marked ])re(lo)nii)ance of ceitaii) oiih-rs, 
genera, or sections of genera, mostly 2)erennials, especially of Vcnlxleinon, 
Eriogonum^ Lujnnus, Castilleia, and various Asteroid and (Jarycpli\ llaceous, 
Saxifragaceous and Umbelliferous genera. The number of alpine and suIj- 
alpine plants is proportionally very large. 
Valley Flora. It is evident that the vegetation of the valleys rnay be 
readily divided into three very distinct groups, the first including s])ccies 
characteristic of the more alkaline localities, the second cunfined to the fresh- 
water aquatic and meadow species, and the last and much the la rirer (dass 
including the plants peculiar to the drier portions of the valleys and to tlje 
foothills. The strictly or chiefly alkaline S2)ecies, as included in the follow- 
ing list, are neither numerous nor, with a few exceptions, very fre(pient. The 
first division (a.) is restricted to such as have been found, so flu- as known, 
only within the limits of the Great Basin, (taking that tei-ni in its larircr 
sense.) The second division (/;.) includes all those that extend beyond those 
limits but not (or rarely) eastward of the Saskatcdiewan and Mississippi 
Rivers, the first section, ind(.'<'d, only westward to the Tacitic slop*-, tlic 
second only eastward into the R<)(d<y 31oniifains, or beyond, toward the 
Saskatchewan or Texas, and the last \\\ both direclions. In the third division 
(c.) are placed those species that are found in tlw Atlantic Stales or l']aslei-n 
British America, the last section conliiininLr the few species that <lo not also 
pass to the Pacific sideof the continent. The arctic speci. s and th(»se which 
extend beyond latitude 55^ towanl the arctic circle are desiirnated by 
(Arc.) and (Subarc.) respectively. Southern s].. • - found in Arizona, 
Southern California or Mexico, ar(; indicated In ^r^.) <»r (Afex.,) while an 
(R.) notes such of the last two sections of division {h.) as <lo not cross the 
