+ 
_ e SCOTCH PRIMROSE. 
- Boissæa. 
=- -be placed i 
AN ENCYCLOPÆDIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 397 
Scorzonera—continued. 
pre white internally, of a sweet and agreeable flavour. 
outh Europe, &c., 1576. See Fig. 460. 
S. laciniata (torn). ^f.-heads yellow; involucral scales slightly 
hooked at the apex. June and July. l. pinnatisect; lobes linear, 
entire. Stems sub-erect, naked and one-headed at the apex. 
h. 2ft. South Europe, 1640. Biennial. 
S. mollis Gothi je mode yellow, the rays purplish beneath ; in- 
volucre, as. as the elongated, sub-corymbose peduncles, 
woolly-villous. June and July. /. linear-subulate, keeled, 
woolly-villous ; old ones nearly glabrous ; young ones undulately 
crisped on the margins. h. ift. Caucasus, 1818. (B. M. 3027.) 
S. pu pores (purple). /f.-heads purplish ; involucre cylindrical, 
the scales broadly lanceolate, not ciliated; achenes smooth. May 
“and June. J. linear-subulate, channelled, triquetrous. Stems 
branched, two to five-headed. Root cylindrical-fusiform. A. 2ft. 
Eastern Europe, &c., 1759. (J. F. A. 35.) 
be 
S. p. grandiflora (large-flowered), A more showy and much 
stouter plant than the type, with larger flowers. (B. M. 2294.) 
S. p. rosea (rosy). j.-heads rose-pink ; involucral scales lanceo- 
late, acuminate; achenes sulcate, muricated above. July. 
l., radical ones elongated, linear-lanceolate, flat, glabrous ; 
cauline,ones few, carinate-linear. Stems simple, one-headgd: 
h. 156i fastern Europe, &c., 1807. p 
- S. undulata (undulated).* fl.-heads purplish-rose, 2in. to 24in. in 
diameter ; involucre cyüpane white-downy; peduncles slender, 
green or purplish. uly. i. radical ones nearly lft. long, 
narrowly linear-lanceolate, entire, rather long-petiolate, with a 
yellow midrib; cauline ones 3in. to 6in. long, gradually narrowed 
om a broad, sessile base to a very fine point. Stem lft. to 2ft. 
pee slender, branched. Algeria and Morocco, 1874. (B. M. 
-) 
h. 3ft. 
SCOTCH BONNETS. 
Marasmius oreades. 
SCOTCH PINE. See Pinus sylvestris. 
A 
A common name for 
common name for 
Primula scotica. 
SCOTTEA (named in honour of R. Scott, M.D., Pro- 
fessor of Botany in Dublin). Orp. Leguminose. A 
monotypic genus, now included, by Bentham, under 
The species and its varieties are elegant, 
greenhouse, evergreen shrubs, thriving in sandy peat. 
Propagated freely by cuttings of the young wood, in- 
serted in sand, under a glass: 
S. dentata (toothed). f. orange-red or yellow, more or less tinged 
= with green, on solitary pedicels ; calyx din. to 4in. long, with 
short, obtuse teeth; standard Jin. to Zin. long ; keel and wings 
over jin. long; bracts broad and rigid, but very deciduous, 
Summer. l. opposite, varying from broadly ovate-cordate or tri- 
angular to hastate-lanceolate or almost linear, żin. to lin. long, 
acute or obtuse, irregularly denticulate. h. 3ft. to 7ft. Australia, 
) 
z2 
' a% 1803, (L. B. C. 1458. 
Kay d. angustifolia (narrow-leaved). Z. hastate-lanceolate to 
almost linear ; margins revolute. 1825. (B. R. 1266, under name 
of S. angustifolia.) : 
S. d. hastata (halberd-shaped). J. ovate-hastate or hastate- 
lan , fin. to above lin. long, jin. to jin. broad. 1833. 
B. 134 and B. R. 1233, under name of S. dentata ; B. R. 1652, 
mder name of S. levis.) 
n RAPERS. Scrapers of some description should 
: various positions in gardens, particularly at 
points where there are paths cut in the ordinary soil 
joining others with a gravel surface. It matters little 
ie what sort is used if they are securely fixed into blocks 
of wood to keep them firm. 
SCREENS. A shrubbery or belt of fast-growing 
trees is termed a Sereen, when planted for affording 
To ie to a garden, an orchard, or any separate part of 
“a garden requiring protection from an unfavourable 
quarter. Gardens on the sea-coast invariably need a 
shelter or Screen from the wind and salt spray; this is 
rally provided by planting a belt of trees or shrubs 
are known to succeed in such situations. The term 
denotes anything erected or grown to hide an un- 
ghtly object. ftom any particular point, such as from 
sof the principal walks in a garden. ‘This may be 
effectually, if only to a moderate height, by lattice- 
“with Ivy or other creepers trained upon it, and 
extensively by free-growing trees and evergreen 
ere are numerous methods of forming Screens; 
y 
Screens—continued. 
some are of general application, but there are many in- 
stances where special preparations have to be made to 
meet peculiar local requirements. 
SCREW PINE. ‘See Pandanus. 
SCREW-TREE. A common name for Helicteres. 
SCROBICULATE. Marked by tiny depressions. 
SCROFULA-LEAF, or SCROFULA-WEED. 
A name applied to Goodyera pubescens. 
SCROPHULARIA (so named in reference to its 
former supposed benefit in cases of scrofula, owing 
to the resemblance of the roots of some species to 
scrofulous. tumours). Figwort. ORD. Scrophularinee. 
A genus comprising about 120 species (which number 
may, according to Bentham and Hooker, be reduced to 
100) of mostly hardy, often fcetid, annual, biennial, or 
perennial herbs or sub-shrubs, broadly dispersed over 
the extra-tropical regions of the Northern hemisphere. 
Flowers greenish-purple, lurid-purple, or yellow, generally 
rather small, in paniculate, thyrsoid cymes; calyx deeply 
. five-cleft or five-parted; corolla tube ventricose, globose 
or oblong; lobes five, short and flat, the four upper 
ones erect, the lowest spreading; perfect stamens four, 
the fifth usually rudimentary. -Leaves opposite, or the 
upper ones alternate, entire, cut,-or dissected, often 
pellucid-dotted. S. aquatica (Brook or Water Betony, 
&c.), S. nodosa (Murrain Grass, &c.), and S. Scordonia, 
are natives of Britain, while S. vernalis has become 
naturalised. Few of the species have any horticultural- 
value. Only one calls for mention here. It thrives in 
ordinary garden soil, as a pot plant, in a cool frame, and 
may be multiplied by seeds. 
S. chrysantha (golden-flowered).* f. sin. long, drooping ; corolla 
golden-yellow, ovoid, turgid, contracted at the on ; 
densely packed in the upper leaf axils, forming a rounded a 
in. in diameter. March. l. 2in. to 3in. broad, ovate- or 
orbicular - cordate, lobulate and toothed, convex, 
k. 6in, to 18in. Caucasians, &c., 1882. A stout, 
(B. M. 6629.) ; ; 
SCROPHULARINEÆ. A natural order of herbs, 
sub-shrubs, shrubs, or small trees, found in all climates, 
but mostly in temperate regions. Flowers hermaphro- 
dite, often irregular; calyx inferior, persistent, with five, 
rarely four, teeth or lobes; corolla gamopetalous; limb 
of five or four, very rarely six or eight, equally spread- 
ing lobes, or more or less bilabiate, with the upper lip | 
entire, emarginate, or bilobed, and the lower one trilobed _ 
and often spreading; stamens often four, didynamous, 
or two, alternating with the corolla lobes; anthers two- 
celled, sometimes ‘one-celled by the confluence of the 
sutures across the top of the connective; inflorescence 
variable. Capsules variable, dehiscent, or rarely baccate 
and indehiscent. Leaves, in a few genera, all alternate, 
in most cases the lower ones (or all) opposite or whorled, 
the upper and floral ones often alternate, entire, toothed, 
or rarely variously lobed or dissected; stipules none. 
Many of the species are of medicinal value: chief 
among these is the Foxglove. The order is a most im- 
portant one from a horticultural standpoint, contributing, 
as it does, so many beautiful plants to our gardens. It 
embraces, according to Bentham and Hooker, 157 genera © 
and nearly 1900 species, and is divided by those authors 
into twelve tribes: Antirrhinee, Aptosimee, Calceolaree, 
Chelonee, Digitalee, Euphrasiew, Gerardiew, Gratiolee, 
Hemimeridee, Leucophyllee, Manuleiee, and Verbascew. 
Among the many well-known genera, the following may 
be cited as examples: Antirrhinum, Calceolaria, Chelone, 
Digitalis, Mimulus, Pentstemon, and Verbascum. 
SCROTIFORM. Pouch-like. 
SCRUBBY OAK. See Lophira africana. 
SCRUB OAK. See Quercus Catesbzi. 
