AN ENCYCLOPAEDIA 
419 
OF HORTICULTURE. 
Sempervivum—continued. 
S. Seguieri (Seguier’s). A garden synonym of S. calearatum. 
S. Smithii (Smith’s). fi. pale yellow, sessile ; petals twelve, oval- 
oblong, spreading; branches of the panicle revolute at the points, 
3 bearing flowers on the upper side. July and August. l. scat- 
tered, obovate, acuminate, flat, concave, slightly spotted. Stem 
erect, hispid. h. 1ft. Canary Islands, 1815. Greenhouse, ever- 
green shrub. (B. M. 1980.) 
è S. soboliferum (sobole-bearing).* Hen-and-Chickens House- 
k. jl. six or seven-parted; petals pale yellow, lanceolate, 
din. long, obscurely tricuspidate ; panicle short, dense, many- 
flowered, 3in. to 4in. in diameter, the lower flowers distinctly 
pedicellate. Summer. J. sixty to eighty to a rosette, obovate- 
cuneate, obscurely cuspidate, minutely ciliated on the edges ; 
outer ones tinted with bright red-brown, ĝin. to Jin. long. 
Flowering stem 6in. to Yin. long, very robust, quite hidden by 
the leaves. Barren rosettes globose, lin. to l4in. in diameter; 
the copious new sessile ones attached to the parent only by a 
. slender thread. Austria. A well-known garden plant. (B.M. 
1457; J. F. A. 12, under name of S. hirtum.) 
, S. stellatum (star-like). fl. golden-yellow, panicled ; “agua six 
to eight, spreading ; scales palmate, with subulate lobes. July 
and August. J. scattered, oblong, spathulately cuneiform, 
obtuse, villous. Stem erect, branched, puberulous. fh. 6in. 
Madeira, 1790. Greenhouse annual. (B. M. 1809, under name 
of S. villosum.) 
S. tabulæforme (table-formed).* fl. very pale sulphur-coloured ; 
etals ten to twelve, linear-lanceolate ; glands minute, peduncu- 
te. June and July. J. spathulate, flat, ciliated, attenuated at 
base, crowded at the top of the stem, and forming a flat, rosulate 
disk, in consequence of being so closely imbricated over each 
_ other. h., lft. Madeira, 1817. Greenhouse, evergreen shrub. 
SENECIO (thë old Latin name used by Pliny, and 
derived from seneg, an old man; alluding to the usually 
white, hair-like pappus). Groundsel; Ragweed. Tn- 
eluding Adenotrichia, Brachyrhynchos, Cacalia, Cine- 
raria (in part), Farfugium, Gynoxys (in part), Jacobea, 
Kleinia (of Haworth), Ligularia, Pericallis, Senecillis, 
and Syneilesis (Cacalia, Cineraria, and Ligularia, are, 
however, for garden purposes, kept distinct in this work). 
ORD. Composite. A vast genus—probably the most ex- 
tensive in the vegetable kingdom—comprising, accord- 
ing to Bentham and Hooker, nearly 900 species of stove, ae 
greenhouse, or hardy, annual, biennial, or perennial 
herbs, sub-shrubs, or shrubs, rarely arborescent, dispersed 
over the whole globe, but most numerous in tem- e 
perate or mountainous regions. Flower-heads radiate- a 
heterogamous or discoid-homogamous, solitary or corym-. : 
bose, very rarely disposed in pyramidal panicles, sub- 
racemose or sessile at the sides of the branches; 
involucral bracts in one series, with sometimes a few 
smaller ones at the base, at length often reflexed; 
receptacle flat or slightly convex; ray florets, when 
present, variously coloured, one-seriate, ligulate; disk 
yellow, whitish, or rarely purplish or violet; achenes 
glabrous or slightly villous, of variable form and size. 
Leaves alternate or radical, entire, toothed, lobed, or 
variously (often pinnately) dissected. The genus is 
j S. tectorum (roof-loving). Bullock’s Eye; Common Houseleek ; 
d Jupiter’s Beard; Sengreen. fl. Zin. to lin. in diameter; petals 
linear, pale red, keeled with deeper red ; filaments Seg” purple ; 
cle 5in. to 6in, long, with ten or twelve scorpioid branches. 
. J, fifty to sixty to a rosette, obovate-cuneate, cuspidate, 
lsin. to 2in., or finally šin., long, pale green, with a distinct red- 
brown tip, the edges ciliated. Flowering stem about lft. long, 
T densely pilose. Barren rosettes Jin. to 4in. in diameter. Britain 
(but not indigenous), (Sy. En, B. 538.) 
; S. t. atlanticum (Atlantic). See S, atlanticum. 
S. tortuosum (twisted). jl. yellow ; petals seven or eight, spread- 
ing; scales two-lobed. July and August. 1. obovate-spathulate, 
scattered, rather convex beneath, nearly or quite lin, long and 
zin. broad. Stem erect, branched. A. 6in. to 9in. Canary Islands, 
1779. Greenhouse, evergreen shrub. (B. M. 296.) 
S. triste (sad). fl., ap deeply tinted with red-brown ; corolla 
bright red, lin. in diameter ; paie 6in. long, 3in. to fin. 
in diameter, the larger flowers distinctly pedicellate. Summer. 
l. oblanceolate-cuneate, cuspidate, glabrous, the margins shortly 
ciliated, the whole upper part, both back and face, suffused with 
red-brown. Flowering stem as robust as in S. tectorum, its 
leaves strongly tinted with red-brown, the lower ones 2in. to 
= long. Barren rosettes 2in. to din. in diameter. A rare garden 
orm, 
S. urbicum (city), of Lindley. A synonym of S. holochrysum. 
S. Verloti (Verlot’s). fi. twelve to fourteen-parted, jin. to žin, in 
diameter ; petals rose-red, densely ciliated on the back and edge; 
filaments bright bopi ; panicle 3in. to 4in. in diameter, each of 
the simple branches eight to twelve-flowered. July. l about 
fifty to a rosette, oblanceolate-cuneate, cuspidate, faintly glaucous, 
only red-brown at the extreme tip, ciliated on the margins, the 
outer ones ĝin. to ligglong. Flowering stems 6in. to Yin. long, the 
lowest leaves about™lin. long. Barren rosettes lin. to 2in. in 
diameter. Alps of Dauphiné. 
S. villosum (villous). . yellow, with fringed scales. June and 
July. l obovate, crowded, gibbous beneath, villous, five lines 
long, three lines broad. Stem rather erect, twisted. k. 6in. to 
a ees Islands, 1777. Greenhouse, evergreen shrub. (B. R. 
S. Wulfeni (Wulfen’s).* /l. twelve to fourteen-parted ; petals pale 
yellow, jin. long, linear ; filaments bright mauve-purple ; panicle 
i short, dense, 2in. to 3in. in diameter, densely pilose. Summer, 
3 l. about fifty to a rosette, obovate-cuneate, cuspidate, slightly 
glaucous, faintly tinted with red-brownat the tip, the edges ciliated; 
outer ones jin. to lin. long. Flowering stem 6in. to Qin. long, 
densely pilose upwards, its lanceolate leaves lin. to 1sin. long. 
Barren rosettes 14in, to Zin. in diameter. Central Europe. Habit 
of S. tectorum. (J. F. A. sup. 40, under name of S. globiferum.) 
S. Youngianum (Young’s). fl. yellow. June. l. sub-cartila- 
ginous, thick, shining green, rdate-spathulate, sub-tetragonal 
at base, obsoletely mucronate at apex, shortly ciliated on the 
margins. Stem thick. A. 3ft. Canary Islands, 1843. Greenhouse, 
evergreen shrub. (B. R. xxx. 35, under name of Æonium 
Youngianum.) 
SENACIA. Included under #Pittosporum. 
SENARY. 
In sixes. 
SENECA, SENEGA, or SENEKA SNAKE- 
ROOT. See Polygala Senega. 
represented in Britain by nine species (two of which, 
however, are not indigenous, but have become natural- 
ised), including the Ragweed or Ragwort (S. Jacobæa) 
and Groundsel (S. vulgaris). South Africa is richest 
in species in the Old World, and the Andean region in 
the New. A representative selection of the plants best 
known to horticulturists is given below. Senecios are 
easy to grow; they succeed in almost any loamy soil. 
The annuals may readily be increased by seeds, which, 
in many instances, ripen in abundance. Other repre- 
sentatives of the genus may be propagated by seeds, . 
by divisions, or by cuttings both of the shoots and 
roots. See also Cacalia, Cineraria, and Ligularia. 
S. aconitifolius (Aconite-leaved). fl.-heads pinkish-red, small, 
discoid, disposed in loose corymbs. on long petioles, palmately 
parted ; lobes several, witha few strong teeth. Stem tall, striai 
Amur, North China, 1877. A hardy perennial, of little beauty. 
Syn. Syneilesis aconitifolia (R, G. 887). a ok 
S. Adenotrichia (Adenotrichia). j.-heads yellow; involucre 
ee 
S. ampullaceus (bottle-shaped). /l.-heads yellow, about lin. in 
diameter, in a corymbose panicle; involucre at length bottle- 
shaped; ray florets few, spreading. July. J. oblong, obtuse, 
fleshy, deeply toothed, sub-cordate at base, semi-amplexicaul. 
Stems striated, branched above. h. 2ft. Texas, 1834. An erect, 
highly glabrous, half-hardy annual. (B. M. 3487.) 
S. Anteuphorbium (so named “because of its being a reputed 
antidote against the acrid poison of the Cape Huphorbium,” 
Hooker). fl.-heads h icone th a rose tinge, lin. long, ae a 
erect, solitary, axillary; involucral bracts numerons ; florets 
tubular, scarcely exceeding the involucre; peduncles very stout, 
with a few scattered bracts. January. J, about lin. long, erect, 
oblong or linear-oblong, acute or obtuse, fleshy, entire, on very 
short petioles. Stem thick, fleshy, cylindric : branches sin. to 
lin. in diameter, constricted at base. Ah. 3ft. to 4ft. South 
Africa, &c., 1596. Greenhouse, succulent shrub. (B. M. 6099.) 
S, argenteus (silvery).* /.-heads yellowish, solitary ; involucre 
campanulate, scarcely bracteolate, with about twenty scales ; 
ray florets about twelve, linear-oblong. Summer. l linear, 
entire, obtuse ; ne ones few, acute. Branches adpressedly 
silvery-tomentose. A. lit. to 2ft. Chili. Greenhouse under-shrub, 
S. chordifolia (cord-leaved).* jl.-heads yellow, very few, 3in. long, 
narrow: involucral leaflets about sixteen, with a few bristle-shaped 
bracteoles at base ; he white ; ns he ag very slender, 6in. to 
10in. long, sparingly forked, the branches erect. July. `l. Tin. to 
10in. long, jin. in diameter, acute, cylindric, but flattened above 
towards the base. Stem slightly branched. h. lft. South Africa, 
1862, A greenhouse, glabrous, fleshy sub-shrub. (B. M. 6216.) 
S. concolor (one-coloured). fl.-heads 14in. in diameter ; ray floréts _ 
mauve-purple; disk white; anthers purple; corymbs three“ 
to five-headed. Summer. l. glabrous; radical ones narrow- 
oblanceolate, toothed ; cauline ones amplexicaul, broadly linear — 
f 
