AN ENCYCLOPADIA 
Senecio—continued. ae. esas 7 
leaflets ; ray florets nearly twenty, purple, longer than the yellow 
disk. Summer and autumn. l. oblong-lanceolate, crenate- 
toothed; radical ones petiolate; cauline ones sessile; upper 
ones half-amplexicaul, and slightly decurrent. Stem simple or 
branched. h. lft. to 2ft. Uruguay, 1872. A pretty, cobwebby- 
tomentose, hardy perennial. See Fig. 475. (B. M. 5959; R. H. 
1877, p. 94.) 
S. pyramidatus (pyramidal).* fl.-heads yellow, many, jin, in 
diameter, exclusive of the ten or twelve broad, spreading ray 
florets, disposed in a long, thyrsoid raceme, 6in. to 12in. long; 
involucre sub-calyculate, campanulate, woolly, of ten to twelve 
very broad scales, Summer. J. sessile, sub-terete, fleshy, acute, 
Sin. long, two to three lines wide, glabrous or cobwebby. Stem 
shrubby, fleshy, erect, simple, closely leafy below, s arsely so 
above, tomentose. h. about 2ft. South Africa, 1863. A very 
fine, greenhouse species. (B. M. 5396.) 
S. scaposus caulescens (scaped, caulescent). fl.-heads yellow ; 
involucre cobwebby, scarcely calycled ; ray florets about twelve $ 
peduncles scape-like, lft. to 1}ff. long, naked or sparsely scaly, 
usually bearing three to five long-pedicelled heads. August. 
l. Zin. to din. long, crowded at the apex of the stem or branches, 
fleshy, broadly linear, very obtuse, terete, the young ones cob- 
webby, the older ones glabrous. Stem fleshy-shrubby, lft. high, 
branched. South Africa, 1843. * Greenhouse. (B. M, 4011, under 
name of S. calamifolius.) ; 
S. Skinneri (Skinner’s). /.-heads yellowish, fragrant, in terminal, 
corymbose racemes; ray florets few ; bracteoles four to six, 
much spreading, subulate. June. Z. alternate, rather long- 
tiolate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, slightly fleshy, entire, 
indistinctly veined. h. 3ft. Guatemala, 1840. A pretty, highly 
glabrous, greenhouse, perennial climber, with tuberona roots, 
(B. M. 4511; L. & P. F. G. i p. 77, f. 54; and L. J. F. 18, under 
name of Gynoxys fragrans.) 
Ss. ciosus (showy).* jl.-heads bright purple, 14in. in diameter, 
long-peduncled, in spreading corymbs; involucre densely glan- 
dular-hairy ; ray florets six to twenty, narrow-linear ; scape lft. 
or less high, with alternate, rather distant, erect leaves. July. 
L 4in. to Tin. long, obovate, lanceolate, or narrowly linear-spathu- 
late, crenately toothed or sinuately lobed, rarely sub-pinnatifid, 
sub-acute or obtuse, glandular-hairy. South Africa, 1789. Green- 
house perennial. (B. M. 6488; B. R. 41 ;*L. B. C. 1113; G. C. n. s., 
xiv. p. 149; R. G. 1881, p. 510; A. B. R. 291, under name of 
S. pseudo-china.) 
S. stenocephala comosa (narrow-headed, tufted). fl.-heads 
yellow, with three ray florets, dis in a dense, narrow-oblong 
spike. Summer. Z., radical ones on long petioles, broadly ovate- 
sagittate, acuminate. Stem 2ft. high. Japan, 1881. A striking 
and ornamental, hardy perennial. (G. C. n. s., xvi. p. 301.) The 
pote kolo in the typical form possess but one ray floret 
each, 
S. sub-scandens (somewhat climbing). fl.-heads 4in. long, 
cylindric; involucral bracts five, red-tipped ; florets about ten, 
dark ochreous-yellow, exceeding the involucre; pappus snow- 
white; cymes axillary and terminal, long-peduncled, much- 
branched. January. J. 5in. to Yin. long, pink-veined, pinnati- 
parted ; lateral lobes two to six pairs, ovate or orbicular, distant, 
adnate, coarsely sinuate-toothed ; terminal one deltoid, deeply 
cordate at base. Stems and branches cylindric, succulent. South 
Africa, 1873. A tall, herbaceous climber. (B. M. 6363.) 
S. uniflorus (one-flowered). fl.-heads yellow, few on long stalks, 
or solitary ; involucre turbinate, as long as the disk; ray 
florets expanding. July. Z., lower ones divided, stalked, oblong; 
upper ones sessile, linear, entire. h. 3in. Alps of Europe, 1 
rm pretty, a a hardy perennial, allied to S. incanus. 
SENEGA. Included under Polygala (which see). 
SENGREEN. A popular name for Saxifraga 
nivalis and Sempervivum tectorum. 
SENNA. The leaves of Cassia acutifolia, O. angusti- 
folia, and other allied species. ; 
SENNA, BLADDER. See Colutea. 
SENNA, SCORPION. See Coronilla Emerus. 
SENSITIVE BRIAR. See Schrankia uncinata. 
SENSITIVE PLANT. See Mimosa. 
SEPAL. One of the parts that, together, form the 
calyx, or outermost whorl of a flower. ` The Sepals are 
usually green, and unlike the petals (e.g., in the Rose), 
but may resemble them (e.g., in the Tulip). They may 
be free from one another, but:often are more or less 
closely united by their edges to form a tube or cup. 
Their chief use is to protect the more delicate inner organs 
of the flowers from injury while growing. 
SEPALINE, SEPALOUS. Relating to sepals. 
OF HORTICULTURE. 421 
SEPALODY. A name used to indicate the change 
of petals, &c., into sepals or sepaloid organs. 
SEPALOID. Resembling a sepal. 
SEPTAS (of Linneus), Included under Crassula. 
SEPTAS (of Loureiro). A synonym of Herpestis. 
SEPTATE. Separated by a partition or septum. 
SEPTFOIL. <A common name for Potentilla Tor- 
mentilla. 
SEPTICIDAL. When a capsule dehisces through 
the dissepiments or lines of junction. 
SEPTIFEROUS. Partition-bearing. 
SEPTIFRAGAL. “A mode of dehiscing, in which 
the backs of the carpels separate from the dissepiments, 
whether formed by their sides or by expansions of the 
placenta ” (Lindley). i 
SEPTORIA. See Sphæropsideæ. 
SEPTUM. A partition. 
SEQUOIA (derivation obscure, but it has been sug- 
gested that it is “a modification of See-qua-yah, the name 
of a celebrated Cherokee chief,” Hemsley). Syys. Gigant- 
abies, Washingtonia, Wellingtonia. ORD. Conifere. A 
small genus (two species) of gigantic, hardy, evergreen, 
densely branched trees, natives of California. Flowers 
monæœcious, the males in the upper axils or at the tips 
of the branchlets, solitary ; female catkins terminal, ovoid 
or oblong. Leaves alternate, spirally affixed, in S. sem- 
pervirens often sub-lanceolate and distichously spreading, 
in S. gigantea frequently much shorter, more obtuse, 
and appressedly imbricated, but leaves of both forms are 
sometimes observable in each species. Cones }in. to 
ldin. long. “The timber is of a beautiful red colour, 
fine and close-grained, but light and brittle, and never 
attacked by insects. It is the Californian Redwood or 
Bastard-tree of the settlers” (Gordon, ‘‘The Pinetum ”). — 
The following interesting particulars respecting the dimen- 
sions of these trees in a grove in Yo Semite Yalley, are 
gleaned from the “ Gardeners’ Chronicle,” n. s., x. 240: 
`“ The grove contains between ninety and a hundred big 
specimens of the Sequoia gigantea, growing out of the 
thick forest. The ‘Father of the Forest,’ a great pros- 
trate trunk, measures 435ft. in length, and 110ft. in cir- 
cumference. He must have been much longer when 
living. Along the inside of the fallen trunk is a tunnel 
35ft. long, and, in places, 8ft. to 10ft. high. The ‘Mother 
of the Forest,’ standing at the farther end of the grove, 
is 327ft. high, and 90ft. in circumference. She stands 
quite dead and bare, having suffered from the ravages 
of fire, and is entirely barkless from top to bottom. A 
great living monster is the ‘ Pioneer’s Cabin,’ probably 
so called from a recess in the lower part of the trunk 
big enough to hold a large family party at. breakfast. 
The circumference of this tree 5ft. from the ground 
is 92ft. by our own measuring. Perhaps the most beau- 
tiful of the trees in the grove are three named ‘ The 
Three Graces.’ They stand only a few feet apart, and, 
with their branches intertwining, run up to an almost — 
equal height of 265ft. Another great tree is called the 
_*Key Stone State, 325ft. high; its branches begin at 
150ft. from the ground. But perhaps the greatest 
curiosity is a big fellow, which has been purposely 
thrown, cut off 6ft. above the ground, and a pavilion 
built on the standing stump. There is room enough in 
the pavilion for a very pretty dance—space for two sets 
of Lancers, or for sixteen couples to spin round with 
ease. We measured the dancing space, and found the 
diameter 30ft., less 20in.; the cireumference, 85ft.” 
Sequoias are readily propagated by means of cuttings, 
inserted in sandy loam, under a hand glass, in autumn, 
and kept shaded from bright sunlight, in a somewhat moist 
atmosphere, until roots are formed. The variegated forms 
Ps 
