AN ENCYCLOPADIA 
Setaria—continued. 
stove, greenhouse, or hardy annual, sometimes tall grasses, 
broadly dispersed over tropical and temperate regions. 
Spikelets ovate, articulated with the pedicels in a dense, 
cylindric, terminal panicle, as in Panicum, but awnless, 
and with stout, rough bristles at the base on one side. 
Leaves flat. The genus, which has no horticultural 
value, is represented in Britain by 8S. viridis (Bottle 
Grass; Green Fox-tail Grass). 8S. verticillata has be- 
come naturalised in cultivated fields. 
SETHIA. Included under Erythroxylon. 
SETIFORM. Bristle-like. 
SETIGEROUS. Bristle-bearing. 
SETOSE. bristly ; covered with stiff hairs. 
SETTERWORT. A common name for Helleborus 
fetidus. 
SETULOSE. Slightly bristly. 
SET WALL. An old name for Valerian (Valeriana). 
SEVERINIA (named after M. A. Severino, 1580- 
1656, Lecturer on Anatomy at Naples). Orp. Rutacee. 
A monotypic genus, now included, by Bentham and 
Hooker, under Atalantia. The species is a very de- 
sirable, greenhouse, evergreen shrub, requiring culture 
similar to Citrus (which see). 
S. buxifolia (Box-leaved). fl. white, small, sub-sessile, solitary 
or disposed in small axillary glomerules ; stamens ten, free. May. 
l. simple (one-foliolate), coriaceous, persistent, entire. A. 3ft. 
China. 
SEVILLE ORANGE. See Citrus vulgaris. 
SEWERZOWIA (named in honour of the Russian 
traveller who first collected the plant). ORD. Legumi- 
nose. A monotypic genus, which probably should be 
included under Astragalus. The species is a hardy 
annual, requiring ordinary culture. 
S. turkestanica (Turkestan). fl. small, in few-flowered ra- 
cemes, partly concealed between a ~~ of stoutly-fringed 
bracts. Summer. l, impari-pinnate ; leaflets six to ten i 
small, oblanceolate, retuse. h. 6in. Turkestan, 1883. Eg 
1883, p. 250.) 
SEX. This term, used in Latin compounds, signifies 
six; e.g., Sexangular, six-angled; Sexpartite, six-parted. 
SEYMERIA (named in honour of Henry Seymer, 
an English naturalist). Syn. Afzelia (of Gmelin). Orp. 
Scrophularinee. A genus of mostly hardy, erect, branched, 
annual or perennial herbs; nine species are known, of 
which one is a native of Madagascar, and the rest are 
North American. Flowers yellow, in interrupted racemes 
or spikes; calyx campanulate, with five entire or den- 
ticulated lobes; corolla tube short and broad, the limb 
of five broad or oblong, spreading lobes; stamens four, 
sub-equal ; pedicels solitary, ebracteolate. Leaves mostly 
opposite, cut-toothed or dissected; upper fioral ones re- 
duced to entire bracts. Two species have been intro- 
duced. Both are hardy, North American annuals, and 
are very pretty subjects when in flower. Seeds should 
be sown in a well-drained bed of rather light, rich 
soil. 
S. pectinata (comb-like). Plage lobes linear ; corolla hairy 
outside, especially in the bud. nly. /. pinnately parted into 
rather few short or oblong-linear divisions, or the upper ones 
incisely few-toothed or entire. h. lft. 1820. 
g vegere Ga i ie Lage filiform pedicels ; calyx 
ol ristly ; coro! in. long. Ob fin. 3 ious 
once or twice pinnately mtr 9 h. 2ft. to a 1736 DEEN 
SEYMOURIA. Included under Pelargonium 
(which see). ; 
SHAD-BUSH. A popular name for Amelanchier 
canadensis. 
SHADDOCK. See Citrus decumana. 
SHADING. Throughout the summer months, nearly 
all indoor plants are benefited by being protected from 
exposure to the direct rays of the sun, even if they do 
. 
OF HORTICULTURE. 427 
Shading—continued. alee 
not absolutely require Shading. Particularly is this 
, remark applicable to stove and greenhouse plants, very 
few of which, unless they can be placed in the open air, 
are successfully grown without more or less shade under 
glass. As a rule, the Shading used should be sufficiently 
thin to allow light to pass through it, while preventing 
the sun’s rays doing injury. A great variety of material, 
in various thicknesses, is procurable for Shading plants; 
the system of fixing thin blinds to rollers, which may be 
drawn up in dull weather, is one of the best. A per- 
manent shading invariably weakens plants, because in 
dull weather they cannot get sufficient light. When 
rollers and blinds cannot be fixed because of the expense, 
or for other reasons, perhaps the best alternative is to 
thinly stipple the glass outside with whiting mixed with 
milk, or some oily substance, which will not readily wash 
` off. If white should be objected to, the solution, before 
being applied, may be tinted with a substance known as 
Brunswick green; but, as Shading of this sort would be 
more or less permanent for a season, it should be put 
on very lightly. Cutting-boxes, hand-glasses, and small 
propagating-frames may readily be shaded with sheets of 
paper, which can be taken off at night and during dull 
weather. ; i 
SHAGGY. Pubescent with long, soft hairs. 
SHAKING OR QUAKING GRASS. Se Briza 
media. ; 
SHALLON BUSH. A common name for Gaultheria 
Shallon. ; 
SHALLOT (Allium ascalonicum). A hardy perennial, 
native of Palestine. It has been cultivated, from’ a very 
remote period, for the use of its bulbs for seasoning culi- 
nary preparations, and for pickling; the leaves are also 
sometimes eaten when they are young and green. Shallots 
may be readily propagated each year by dividing the 
bulbs or cloves, and planting them separately. Rich soil 
is desirable, but it should not be purposely manured for 
this crop if a piece of land is available which has been 
enriched during the previous year for something else. 
Single cloves should be planted, not deeply, in autumn or 
-at the end of February, about 4in. or 6in. apart. The 
plants need but little attention through the summer 
beyond keeping the ground free from weeds. When the 
leaves turn yellow, about July, the bulbs may be pulled 
up, dried in the sun for a few days, and then stored for 
use, in a similar way to Onions, in any rather dry shed 
from which frost is merely excluded. There are two or 
three varieties of Shallot in cultivation. The true one | 
has elongated bulbs, narrowed to a long point; it keeps 
well, and seldom runs to seed. A form or variety known 
as the Russian, or Large Red, has very large bulbs of a- 
reddish-brown colour. The Jersey Shallot has larger and 
much rounder bulbs than the true variety; it does not 
keep so long, and the plants flower and produce seeds 
more frequently. 
SHAMROCK. In some districts of Ireland, this 
name is applied to one or more species of Clover; in 
England, the Wood Sorrel is generally supposed to be 
the Shamrock. 
SHAMROCK, INDIAN. 
SHAMROCK PEA. 
munis. 
SHARD-BORNE BEETLE. A name popularly 
applied to more than one of the large Beetles, whose 
habit it is to fly heavily along, and which are, therefore, 
See Trillium. 
See Parochetus com- 
| rendered noticeable by their habits. ‘The name is taken 
from the term shard, formerly employed to denote any 
hard, thin body, and therefore used for the hard wing- 
cases of Beetles, which, spread ont in flight, help to 
bear the insects up in the air; hence, ‘ Shard-borne.”’ 
