430 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Shrubberies and Shrubs—continued. 
while the habits of the various Shrubs employed will 
invariably prevent an undue formality. Overcrowding is 
especially to be avoided, but in planting a new Shrubbery, 
a large number of duplicates may be inserted, with a view 
of treating them as being in a nursery for a year or two, 
and then transplanting elsewhere as the permanent speci- 
mens require additional space. Constant attention is 
necessary in mixed Shrubberies, to prevent each plant, 
particularly if it be a strong-growing one, from over- 
growing its neighbour. ‘This is a matter too often 
overlooked or neglected, and the consequence is that a 
slower-growing, but, as a rule, much more valuable, 
plant is either destroyed or disfigured because of the 
rampant growth of something else in too close 
proximity, as, for example, variegated Aucuba, Box, 
common or Portugal Laurels, or Yew. It is much better 
to keep all of these out of a Shrubbery, or relegate 
them to some back position where they may be allowed 
to grow and thicken without injuring the more select 
occupants. 
Ground intended for a Shrubbery should be well 
trenched or deeply dug over before planting is at- 
tempted; it is then an easy matter to make holes where- 
ever they are required, and the soil, on being dug out 
again, will break up finer for intermixing amongst the 
roots. October is the best month for the general trans- 
planting of Shrubs, but many evergreens may be safely 
moved with balls at almost any season from August 
until the following May, except during frosty or snowy 
weather. The roots should not be kept ont of the ground 
longer than is really necessary; they are nearly always 
active, and soon suffer if exposed and allowed to get dry. 
Summer Pruning of Shrubs. It has been already re- 
marked that if Shrubs in a mixed Shrubbery are to be 
kept within bounds, and each individual prevented from 
overgrowing its neighbour, constant attention in the 
matter of pruning is necessary throughout the summer, 
or at least during the growing season. Summer pruning 
of Shrubs is, unfortunately, too sadly neglected, when so 
many things are providing employment, but its advantages 
are none the less important, as, where it can be attended 
to, the results show. Shrubs usually flower on the wood 
_ made the previous year, but not always; sometimes, the 
blossoms appear from midsummer until autumn on the 
_ young shoots. Some knowledge of the habits and mode of 
- flowering which the various kinds assume is therefore 
necessary, in order that pruning may be carried out at 
the proper time, and in the best manner. For instance, 
if a Shrub flowers naturally on wood of the previous year, 
and these growths are cut away in the autumn, or early the 
_ following spring, the embryo blossoms must be, as a 
_ matter of course, destroyed. Deutzias, Forsythias, Lilacs, 
the species of Philadelphus, Weigelas, and Viburnums, 
are examples of Shrubs such as those to which reference 
is made. The time to prune these, and many others of 
like habit, is in summer, immediately the flowers drop— 
that is, presuming it is attempted at all: some gardeners pre- 
fer letting such subjects grow at will, but this is scarcely 
allowable in the mixed Shrubbery. If the old shoots are 
removed as soon as the flowering is over, others will 
proceed from where these have been detached, and develop 
for the succeeding year, and the plant will not be 
materially enlarged in comparison with an unpruned speci- 
men. Rhododendrons and hardy Azaleas, if they need 
pruning or cutting back, should receive it at a similar 
period—namely, as soon as the flowers fade. Many orna- 
mental evergreen Shrubs, grown principally for their 
foliage, may frequently be improved by summer pruning, 
carried out more or less extensively, according to the 
position the plants occupy, and the purpose for which they 
are grown. : 
All Shrub pruning and eutting should be executed, 
whenever possible, with a knife, or one of the different 
Shrubberies and Sheube—coniinued. 
instruments procurable for the purpose: the work may 
then be performed without cutting the foliage, or other- 
wise injuring the branches that are left. Clipping with 
shears is most objectionable, excepting when the Shrubs 
are planted as a hedge, a purpose for which Box, Holly, 
Privet, and Yew, are extensively employed. 
SHRUBBY PINK. See Dianthus fruticosus. 
SHUTEREIA. ‘See Palmia bicolor. Hewittia 
bicolor is now the correct name of this plant. 
SIBBALDIA. Included under Potentilla (which see). 
SIBERIAN CRAB. See Pyrus prunifolia. 
SIBERIAN PEA-TREE. See Caragana. 
SIBTHORPIA (named after John Sibthorp, 1758- 
1796, Professor of Botany at Oxford, and the originator 
of “Flora Græca”). Syn. Disandra. Including Horne- 
mannia. ORD. Scrophularinee. A genus consisting of 
half-a-dozen species of greenhouse or hardy, prostrate, 
hairy herbs, often rooting at the nodes; they are 
natives of Western Europe, tropical and North-western 
Africa, Nepaul, and South America. Flowers yellow, 
yellowish-pink, or red, on axillary, solitary or fascicled 
pedicels; calyx campanulate, four to eight-cleft (often 
five-cleft); corolla tube short, sub-rotate; lobes of limb 
as many as, or one more than, the calyx lobes, spread- 
ing; stamens as many as, or one less than, the corolla 
lobes. Leaves alternate or fascicled, petiolate, orbicu- 
lar-reniform and deeply crenate or  incised-toothed. 
S. europea (Cornish Moneywort, Pennyleaf, or Penny- 
wort), comprised in the British Flora, is more curious 
than beautiful; but the variegated form is a pretty plant, 
well worth cultivating. The latter requires a light, well- 
drained soil, and should be grown in a cold frame or cool 
greenhouse, under a glass. Only one species—S. peregrina 
—calls for description here. It is a small, trailing, hairy, 
greenhouse perennial. When raised, its pendent branches 
and little, yellow flowers assume a very pretty appear- 
rance. It will succeed in any light, rich soil. Propa- 
gation may be effected by divisions or by cuttings, with 
or without a glass, in any shady situation. 
S. egrina (foreign). jf. yellow, four to tive lines in diameter, 
ve to eight-parted ; stamens slightly shorter than the corolla ; 
ea ni often fascicled, 2in. long. June. l. much crenated. 
ladeira, 1771. (B. M, 218, under name of Disandra prostrata.) 
SICELIUM. A synonym of Coccocypselum. 
SICKLEWORT. A common name for Prunella 
vulgaris. 
SICYOCARPUS. A 
(which see). 
SICYOS (an old Greek name, used by Theophrastus 
for the Cucumber; applied to this genus in allusion to 
the resemblance in, and affinity of, the species). ORD. 
Cucurbitacee, A genus comprising about a score 
species of half-hardy, climbing or prostrate, annual herbs, 
natives of the warmer parts of America, the Pacific 
Islands, and Australia. Flowers small or minute, monc- 
cious. Fruit compressed or angular, rarely exceeding 
lin. in length. Leaves angular or lobed, rarely profoundly 
three to five-lobed. Several of the species have been in- 
troduced, but they have no value as garden plants. 
SIDA (an old Greek name, used by Theophrastus for 
the Water-Lily). Indian Mallow. Orp. Malvaceæ. A 
genus comprising about eighty species of stove, green- 
house, or hardy herbs, sub-shrubs or shrubs; about eight 
inhabit the warmer parts of Africa and Asia, thirteen 
are indigenous to Australia, and the rest are American. 
Flowers various-coloured and sometimes showy, sessile 
or pedunculate, solitary or glomerate, axillary or disposed 
in terminal heads, spikes, or racemes; calyx five-toothed 
or five-cleft; petals five, hypogynous; staminal column 
divided into numerous filaments at the apex; bracteoles 
absent, or distant from the calyx. Leaves alternate. 
synonym of Marsdenia 
