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AN ENCYCLOPADIA 
44AT 
OF HORTICULTURE. 
SNAKE'S BEARD. See Ophiopogon. 
SNAKE’S HEAD. See Fritillaria Meleagris 
and Iris tuberosa. 
SNAKE'S- MOUTH ORCHIS. See 
ophioglossoides. 
SNAKE’S TONGUE. A common name for Ophio- 
glossum (which see). 
SNAKEWEED. See Polygonum Bistorta. 
SNAKE-WOOD. See Cecropia and Strychnos 
colubrina. 
SNAP BEETLE. See Wireworms. 
SNAPDRAGON. See Antirrhinum. 
SNAPWEED. A name applied to various species of 
Impatiens. 
SNOUT MOTHS. A small group of slender-bodied 
Moths, that take their popular name from the long 
palpi, or feelers, projecting like a snout from the front 
of the head. The form of the insect when the wings 
are closed is very characteristic, the wings lying almost 
flat, and giving an ontline like the Greek letter delta 
(A), whence the scientific name Deltoides has been 
conferred on the group. None of the species are large, 
most of them scarcely exceeding lin. in spread of wings; 
while only one British species (Hypena proboscidalis) 
reaches lin. across the wings. This species feeds on 
Nettles, and may therefore be regarded as useful. Very 
few of the insects in the group are injurious to garden pro- 
duce; in fact, the only one that deserves special notice 
as hurtful is the Buttoned Snout (H. rostralis), which, 
in the larval state, feeds on the Hop, and is very 
common in the Hop-growing districts. The moth measures 
a little over lin. across the fore wings, which are greyish- 
brown, with two dark brown cross-lines and a pale grey 
line near the hind margin, ending in a dark brown 
streak at the tip of each wing. In the middle of each 
fore wing is a raised tuft of scales. The hind wings 
are grey. The larva is slender, and pale green, with a 
narrow, dark green line down the back, and a broken, 
white line above the feet on each side; the head is 
brown. When the larva is touched, it jerks itself rapidly 
about. It forms a cocoon among dead leaves or other 
shelter on the soil, becomes a pupa, and comes out as 
a moth after about three weeks. The larva may be 
removed from Hops by beating the plants over an 
umbrella or sheet. 
Pogonia 
SNOW. In most cases, Snow may be regarded as 
beneficial in its effects on garden produce, inasmuch as 
it forms a very efficient protection against injury from 
frost. Plants under a few inches of loose snow suffer 
little harm from frosts that would prove fatal to 
hardier species without this protection. But Snow may 
also act hurtfully in spring by destroying seedlings. 
This occurs, in most cases, when a slight thaw is 
followed by frost, so as to cause the formation of a 
continuous surface-crust of ice. If this continues for 
some days, the young plants are much weakened, or 
are killed, owing to the necessary air being cut off; 
and, when the Snow is all melted, only the decaying 
remains show where they had been. 
Evergreen trees are liable to serious injury from the 
pressure of Snow, which tears off or distorts their 
- Branches. Deciduous-leaved trees are much less liable 
to suffer in this way, as Snow can seldom adhere to 
the bare branches in quantity sufficient to cause harm. 
The danger is greatest during snowfalls in calm weather, 
with the temperature about the freezing-point, as the 
Snow then adheres to the branches and leaves, and 
collects into heavy masses. In windy weather, and at 
temperatures too low for the Snow to ball together, the 
risk is comparatively slight. The trees that suffer most 
from injuries due to the weight of Snow are Spruces, 
Snow— continued, 
and others with horizontal branches, the leaves on which 
are so arranged as to afford a considerable surface for 
the Snow to lie on. 
Remedies. It is scarcely possible to do anything to 
save seedlings from injury, beyond breaking the ice- 
crust as much as possible. Trees may be saved from 
being injured by the weight of Snow on the branches, 
if it is shaken off with long poles while loose. If a 
branch is entirely broken off, or so far as to hang 
down, the surface of the wound on the tree should be 
smoothed so far as possible, and covered with tar or 
any other convenient application, to prevent the en- 
trance of moisture, or of parasites. If the injury is 
detected as the branch is beginning to yield, the Snow 
‘should be shaken off, and the branch supported by stays 
of any convenient kind. 
SNOWBALL-TREE. ‘See Viburnum Opulus. 
SNOW BERRY. See Chiococca and Symphori- 
carpus racemosus. 
SNOWDROP. See Galanthus nivalis. 
SNOWDROP-TREE. See Halesia. 
SNOWDROP-TREE, AFRICAN. Se Royena 
lucida. 
SNOWFLAKE. See Leucoium. 
SNOW FLOWER. A name applied to Chionanthus. 
SNOW GLORY. A common name for Chionodowa 
Tucilie. 
SNOW IN SUMMER. 
Cerastium tomentosum, 
SNOW PEAR. See Pyrus sinensis. 
SNOW-TREE. See Pyrus nivalis. 
SNOWY FLY (Aleyrodes proletella). A small, four- 
winged Fly, that lives on the lower leaves of Cabbages, 
often in such numbers as to cause the leaves to show 
yellow or pale patches, or even to wither and die, so 
that the plants are much injured where the attack is 
severe. The Snowy Fly is nearly related to Aphides, and 
resembles them in general form and in size, the length 
not exceeding in., and the spread of wings being about 
gin. It has, however, no honey-tubes, and is snowy- 
white in colour, owing to its being covered with a white, 
powdery coat. Below this coat the head and the thorax 
are black, marked with yellow; the abdomen is yellow 
or rosy-red, and the front wings are marked with a 
dusky spot near the middle. On the head is a beak, 
A popular name for 
as in Aphides, which is inserted into the leaf, and serves  - 
for sucking in the sap. The female insects place their — 
eggs in patches on the leaves; and the young, on a 
emerging, scatter themselves over the leaves, which they 
pierce with their suckers, and to which they adhere 
closely. Each then becomes covered with a white scale, 
bearing two yellow spots; and below this it becomes a 
pale pupa, with red eyes. The whole metamorphosis 
occupies nearly four weeks. 
Remedies. The most reliable is to remove and burn 
infested leaves. A remedy less to be trusted is throwing 
them into a liquid manure tank, or into a farmyard, 
where the trampling under foot destroys the larve and 
pupe. Dusting the plants with soot or ashes, and 
syringing with tobacco-water, have also been recom- 
mended. 
SOAP. As a preventive against, or as a cure for, 
the depredations of insects on cultivated plants, Soap 
is often used, either in the form of suds, or along with 
other remedies (e.g., Carbolic Acid and Paraffin), which 
it helps to keep mixed with the water. Where Onions 
or roots, such as Carrots and Radishes, are suffering 
from the inroads of larve, great benefit is experienced 
