us 
THE DICTIONARY 
OF GARDENING, 
Soap—continued. 
~ from watering the plants freely with soapsuds twice or 
thrice. It is recommended also to mix the soapsuds 
either with equal parts of gas-water, or with gas-tar in 
quantity such as to cause a strong smell, sufficient to keep 
_ the insects from laying eggs on the plants. Soap-boilers’ 
waste, ie., the coarse, alkaline solutions that are formed 
aS waste ‘products in making Soap, have been found of 
service when used instead of the above mixture. Soap- 
suds are also used against caterpillars on Gooseberries 
and other plants, being applied by means of a syringe. 
-When Soap is employed to cause insecticides to mix 
more readily with water, it is well to use Soft Soap, 
as being stronger, and better suited to effect the 
end in view. With its aid, a good many substances 
may be kept much more uniformly diffused in water 
than could otherwise be done. Carbolic Acid is pre- 
pared thus, in the proportion of one part of acid to 
ten of Soap, with which it is very thoroughly mixed. 
The mixture is then diluted to the desired strength ; 
and the solution is sprinkled with a watering-pot on 
plants infested with Green Fly or larve, &c, Soft Soap 
is also used in combination with tobacco-water, sulphuret 
of lime, sulphur, or other substances, as a wash for the 
trunks of Apple-trees infested with American Blight ; 
for walls, to destroy the Red Spider ; and against such 
other injurious creatures as live on the bark or in cre- 
vices of the walls on which trees are trained. In all 
such mixtures, the substances used along with the Soap 
should be thoroughly mixed with it, and water should 
then be added till the mixture can be painted on the 
bark or wall; or more water may be used, and the fluid 
may then be rubbed well in with a stiff brush, or may 
be thrown from a syringe upon the places to be 
cleansed. 
SOAP BARK TREE. Se Quillaja Saponaria. 
SOAP BERRY TREE. Se Sapindus. 
woar BULB. A common: name for Chlorogalum 
exposed to the atmosphere for some time. If this is 
done, they absorb oxygen, and the sulphurets and sul- 
phites become converted into the sulphate of lime, or 
. m; so that at last the effect, when they are em- 
as manure, is ma little different from that which 
the same ity of a mixture of 
of lime (chalk) and sulphate of lime (gypsum). 
of Soapers’ Ashes as manure is not great. 
SOAP PODS. A popular name for the pods of 
— species of Casalpinier. — 
 SOAPWORT. Sev Saponaria etheinaite. 
- SOBOLES. Shoots, especially those from the ground. 
 SOBOLIFEROUS. Bearing vigorous, lithe shoots. 
SOBRALIA (named in honour of Don F. M. Sobral, 
a Spanish botanist). Orp. Orchidew. About thirty species 
been referred to this genus; they are tall, leafy, 
taberous, free-growing, stove, terrestrial orchids, 
natives 
Mexico. Flowers large and showy, few in a terminal, 
erect, connate at base; petals similar or broader : 
lateral lobes are folded, the limb spreading, concave, 
undulated or fimbriate, undivided or two-lobed; column 
elongated, slightly incurved, semi-terete ; bracts appressed. 
Leaves scattered, coriaceous, plicate-veined, sessile in the 
sheaths. ‘The best-known species are here described. 
“The East Indian or Mexican house will either of them 
fresh, they injure plants, and ought therefore to be left 
lip erect from the base of the column, around which its | 
of the Andes of tropical America, from Pern to | 
axillary raceme, sometimes reduced to one flower; sepals | 
unequal, 
Sobralia—continued. 
suit these plants, which thrive best in pots of large 
size, potted in rough, fibrous peat . . which should 
overlie about 3in. of drainage. An abundant supply of 
water at the roots in the growing season is essential to 
their well-being, but Bian much less will suffice. — 
The stems grow up in thick tufts; and when the plants — 
get too ce they should be turned out of the pot, 
and divided into several pieces, each of which will soon 
grow and make a flowering plant. The ye is far too 
much neglected by orchid-growers”’ (B. S. Williams). 
S. Cattleya (Cattleya-like).* jl. resembling those of a Cattleya ; 
sepals and petals purplish-brown ; lip purplish, with three yellow, 
crested keels, forming a sharp angle by its lateral lobes over- 
lapping the column ; Pie ravet BENA several, lateral. 1. a ; 
acuminate, plaited, shining. Stem stout. Columbia, 1877. 
plant of great beauty. 
S. chlorantha (yellow-flowered). ellow, whole-coloured, — 
fully 4in. long, sessile ; lip obovate, t e disk striated, the margins © 
undulated, a pair of deep lamellae extending from the base to 
the aces June. J. very fleshy, hardly plicate, loosely striated, 
Beant baa oa changed to aes cucullate bracts. A. 1ft. 
I 1. 4682; F. d. S . 840.) 
S. decora Da “This differs from S. sessilis, not only in 
being perfectly free from the black hairiness characterising 
rag es, but also in being a smaller plant, with a truly cuneate 
lip, in having whitish flowers with a rose-coloured lip, and 
the petals overlaying the tapale so that the back of the former 
answers to the face of the latter” (Lindley). Guatemala, 1836. 
(B. M. 4570 and L. J. F. 104, under name of S. sessilis.) 
dichotoma (dichotomous).* f. white outside, violet within, 
paaga whitish-rose with a rose and purple ip, or the whole — 
red. eget lip cucullate, three-lobed, the la segments — 
e~ re, the middle one ema te, crisped, prs lacerate at — 
; racemes lateral, drooping, dichotomous, flexuous, many- 
flowered. March. J. hard, plicate, acuminate, narrowed at base. 
ira 6ft. to 20ft. high, resembling bamboos. Peru. A grand — 
species. 
S. (fragrant). /l. in pairs, l4in. lo Pyro scented ; 
sepals externally dirty te | -green, celal posal le yellow, 
thin, flat, lanceolate ; lips of a brighter yellow, th the rida ae 
deeply fringed and furnished with nine lacerated crests. July. 
b va smooth, 1ather fany, perfectly naked, with a short, 
keeled sheath. ar two-edged, scarcely lft. high. New 
Grenada, 1854. (B. M I. 4882.) 
S. 
oblong-ligulate 
ern outside, deep olden 
throat and disk, g off 
late, convolute at base. the 
crenulate; bracts of the re 
aus: i. plicate, cuneate-o! 
S. Liliastrum (Star-Lily). Jl. eri veined with yellow large, 
n R: racemes terminal, distichous, many-fiowered, , 
spathaceous bracts. July and August. l. lanceolate, very ‘acute, 
; at base. Stems 8ft. to 10ft. high. British 
Guiana, (L. S. 0. 29.) SYN. Epidendrum Liliastrum. — 
Mpeni f., petals and lip of rich rose- 
ingre eregas org a I liia. a e s 
S. macrantha (large-flowered).* TH beautiful rich 
aromatic, 6in. across; oblo: 
crisped in the pins part ; fol round 
very broad and at apex, wavy at the 
hi 
4446; F. . 669; P. M. B. xiv. . 
so a albida (whitish). /l. of a very pale rose-colour. G. ©. 187 
ao eit (dw: maller than in dark violet, 
SeA at prip f gimn variety. rea "ip 
S. m. purpurea (purple). j. of a rich purple. 
sepals and petals 
S. rosea denei s la 
mauve; lip crimson with = while rei 3e centre, very = sag 
short, the rachis Patton bracts i. 
acuminate. Stems stout, 4ft. to 6ft. hi 
Grenada. A fine S; have four 
ing at once. SYN. S. Ruckeri (R. X. O. i. 43; W. S. 
S. Ruckeri (Rucker’s). A synonym of S. rosea. 
apex. "December. 
dark pubescence, 
