AN ENCYCLOPADIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 457 
Soldanella—continued. 
S. montana (mountain).* fl. purple ; corolla cut to the middle, 
equalled or exceeded by the style; pedicels shortly glandular- 
pubescent ; scapes two to four-tlowered. April. l. nearly round, 
loosely and remotely crenated. h. 3in. 1816. See Fig. 499. 
(8. B. F. G. 11.) 
S. pusilla (small). A synonym of S. Clusii. 
SOLEA. A synonym of Ionidium (which see). , 
SOLENA. A synonym of Posoqueria (which see). 
SOLENANDRA (of Beauvois). A synonym of Galax 
(which see). 
SOLENANTHA. A synonym of Hymenanthera 
(which see). 
SOLENANTHUS (from solen, a tube, and anthos, 
a flower; alluding to the shape of the corolla). ORD. 
Boragineew. A genus comprising about ten species of 
hardy, perennial herbs, inhabiting South Europe, and 
West and Russian Asia. 
calyx five-parted ; corolla tubular or nearly funnel-shaped, 
with a limb of five small lobes. 
Flowers blue or pink, racemose ; 
Leaves alternate. 
P. circinatus has been introduced, but is probably not 
now grown. 
appearance ; in allusion to the shape of the flower). 
Orchidee, 
SOLENIDIUM (from solen, a tube, and eidion, 
ORD. 
A monotypic genus. The species is a curious, 
stove, epiphytal orchid, with the habit of Oncidiwm. It 
differs in the crest of its lip consisting of a pair of. 
long, feathery, raised plates, and in one or two other 
technical details. “For culture, see Oncidium. 
S. racemosum (racemose). jfi. yellow, spotted with red, mediocre, 
a limb; in allusion to the tubular perianth). 
‘Cruikshankia, Lechlera. 
(two species) of half-hardy, rhizomatous plants, natives 
of Chili. 
long-pedicellate, in a loose raceme ; sepals and petals free, spread- 
ing; lip spreading at the base of the column, contracted in a long 
claw ; Popo axillary under the pseudo-bulbs, simple. November. 
l. rather long,.ensiform, thinly coriaceous, narrowed at base, 
Stem shortened, terminating in a one or two-leaved pseudo-bulb, 
h. 6in. Andes of Columbia. (L. & P. F. G. iii. 102.) 
SOLENOMELUS (from solen, a tube, and melos, 
SYNS. 
ORD. Iridee. A small genus 
Flowers many in a spathe, shortly pedicellate ; 
perianth yellow, with a slender tube and spreading lobes ; 
stamens affixed to the throat; spathe terminal, or a 
few on long peduncles. 
Leaves radical or clustered at 
the base of the stem, linear, and a few at the sides of 
the stem. Stems sometimes slightly thickened at- base, 
For culture of S. chilensis, the only species introduced, 
see Sisyrinchium. 
S. chilensis (Chilian). 
fl., perianth deep yellow, the ents 
obovate, spreading, a little concave in their lower half, and there 
narrow, with a small, dark purple — at the very base; spathe 
four or five-flowered ; peduncles solitary or two to four. June. 
l., radical ones 6in. to 8in. long; cauline ones remote, gradually 
shorter upwards, linear-ensiform, sheathing at base. Stems lft. 
to 1ift. high, zigzag, leafy. 1868. SYNS. Sisyrinchium longistylum 
(F. d. S. 255), S. pedunewlatum (B. M. 2965). 
SOLENOPHORA (from solen, a tube, and pherein, 
to bear; in allusion to the tubular form of the corolla). 
Including Arctocalyz. 
ORD. Gesneracee. A small genus 
(four species) of stove, evergreen, branched, scabrous- 
pubescent shrubs, confined to Mexico. 
Flowers scarlet or 
yellow, large, solitary or few, on short, axillary peduncles ; 
calyx tube adnate, the limb five-lobed; corolla tube 
elongated, with a broad throat, the limb shortly and 
broadly five-lobed, sub-erect. 
Leaves opposite, on long 
petioles, ample, membranous, often dissimilar. S. End- 
licheriana, the only species introduced, is a handsome 
plant, requiring culture similar to Gloxinia (which 
see). 
S. Endlicheriana (Endlicher’s). 
fi. of a beautiful orange- 
colour, marked with purple, solitary or in fascicles of two to 
five ; corolla infundibular-campanulate, hairy without, loosely 
curved, 2}in. to Zin. long. April. l much spreading, broadly 
elliptic, acuminate, hairy, the largest 1ft. to 1łft. long: petioles 
Šin. to 4in. long. Stem suffruticose, erect, eee ft. to 2ft. 
high, emitting aérial roots. 1849. (F.d.S. 546and L. & P. F. G. i. 
69, under name of Arctocalyx Endlicherianus.) 
Vol. IIL 2 
SOLENOPSIS. A synonym of Laurentia (which see). 
SOLIDAGO (from solido, to join or make whole; 
alluding to reputed vulnerary qualities). Golden Rod. 
Syn. Doria. Orp. Composite. A large genus (about 
eighty species) of mostly hardy, perennial herbs, rarely 
shrubby at base; they are nearly all North American, 
one or two being found in South America, one in 
temperate Asia and Europe, and one in the Azores. 
Flower-heads usually yellow, small, in racemes or clusters ; 
involucre oblong or narrowly-campanulate, the bracts 
appressed, many-seriate ; ray florets ligulate, spreading, 
or rarely small and erect; achenes sub-terete or angled. 
Leaves alternate, entire or often toothed. Owing to 
the coarse habit of these plants, and the manner in 
which they impoyerish the soil, they are mostly confined 
to shrubberies and old-fashioned borders, where their 
bright yellow flowers contrast well with Michaelmas 
Daisies, Of the large number of species introduced, 
those described below are probably the best; all are 
North American, S. Virgawrea being also found in 
Britain. Any common soil is suitable; and propagation 
may be readily effected by divisions, s 
S. altissima (very tall). A synonym of S. rugosa. 
S. canadensis (Canadian). fl.-heads small; ray florets very 
short ; panicle ample, crowded. August. Z. lanceolate, acuminate, 
sharply serrated (sometimes almost entire), more or yop open 
ane and rough above. Stem roughly hairy. k. 3ft. to bft. 
S. Drummondii (Drummond’s).* f.-heads small ; rays four or 
five, short; involucral scales oblong, obtuse ; racemes short, 
panicled. Summer. l. broadly ovate or oval, somewhat triple- 
ribbed, coarsely and sharply serrated, some of them almost 
entire, beneath (as well as the stem) minutely velvety-pubescent. 
Stem lft. to 3ft. high. 1885. (B. M. 6805.) 
S. elliptica axillifiora (elliptic-leaved, axillary - flowered). 
f-heads rather large, in short, or somewhat elongated and racemi- 
form, erect or spreading clusters, which are mostly axi and 
shorter than the leaves. ¿. oval to broadly lanceolate. S. fra- 
grans (of Willdenow) is a narrow-leaved form, pay gre 
S. fragrans (fragrant), of gardens. A synonym of S. serotina. 
S. fragrans (fragrant), of Willdenow. A form of S. elliptica 
axillijlora. i 
S. lanceolata (lanceolate-leaved).* fl.-heads i mostly 
sessile, in dense clusters ; ray florets fifteen to twenty. Septem- 
ber. J. linear-lanceolate, entire, roughish above, pevonne* on 
the veins beneath. Stem pubescent above, corym . h. 2ft. 
to 3ft. 1758. (B. M. 2546.) SYN. Euthamia graminifolia. 
S. multiradiata (many-rayed). fl.-heads e, in a dense, thyr- 
soid or corymbose raceme; involucral es narrow, nearly 
labrous ; ray florets eight to twelve. July. .l. ciliated, oblong- 
nceolate, acute or obtuse, tapering to the base. Stem villous- 
pubescent, simple, or rarely branched at the summit. 1776. 
S. odora (odorous). fl.-heads, ray florets three or four, rather 
Tik È roa : : 
S. patula (spreading). (.-heads, involucral scales oblong; ray 
florets six or seven ; uncles scab bescent ; racemes 
are leafy 
mostly short and crowded on the elongated, 
branches, at length spreading or recurved. Angat and - 
ber. J. large, a acute, serrated, smooth and g 
beneath. h. 2ft. 1805. ‘ 
S. rigida (rigid). fl.-heads large, in a compound corymb ter- 
minating the simple stem, not at all racemose; ray florets seven 
to ten. September. l. oval or oblong, ee feather-veined, 
thick and rigid; upper ones closely by a broad base, 
slightly serrated, t — ones entire. Stem stout, 3ft. 
to 5ft. high, very leafy. 0. 
S. (wrinkled). /l.-heads small; involucral scales linear ; 
ray florets six to nine; racemes panicled, s paama A August 
and September. l. ovate-lanceolate, elliptical, or oblong, often 
thickish and very rugose, coarsely and peATE serrated. Stem 
2ft. to 7ft. high, roughly hairy. 1686. Syn. S. altissima. 
S. sempervirens (evergreen). fl.-heads showy; ray florets 
golden, eight to ten; racemes short, in an open or contracted 
nicle. $ ber. l. fleshy, very smooth, entire, lanceolate, 
slightly clasping, or the lower ones lanceolate-oblong, obscurely 
triple-nerved. Stem smooth and stout, 1ft. to 6ft. high. 1699. 
S. serotina (late). fl.-heads, ray florets short ; achenes at length 
nearly glabrous; peduncles roughish-pubescent; panicle pyra- 
midal, of numerous recurved racemes. August to October. 
l lanceolate, @euminate, serrated, glabrous except on the veins 
beneath, the margins and usually the r surface scab 
Stem often glaucous. h. 3ft. 1758. Syn. S. fragrans (of gardens). 
3 N 
