478 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Spirea—continued. 
unequally serrated. Stems 3ft. to 5ft. high, stoloniferous, Europe 
(naturalised in Britain). 
S. s. alpestris (alpine). Z. shorter than those of S. s. carnea. 
Branches very short. A small shrub. 
S. s. carnea (flesh-coloured). fl. flesh-coloured; panicles con- 
sisting of more or less spicate racemes. 1. lanceolate. Bark of 
the branches yellowish. 
S. s. grandiflora (large-flowered). fl. pink, twice as large as 
those of: the type. An ornamental, free-growing shrub. (L. B. C. 
1988, under name of S. grandiflora.) 
S. s. latifolia (broad-leaved). fl. white. Z. ovate-oblong. Bark 
of the branches reddish. s 
S. s. ta paidan . white, in large, branching 
panicles. Bark of branches reddish. SYNS. S. alba (G. C. n. s., 
xii., p. 753; W. D. B. 33), S. paniculata alba. 
S. sorbifolia (Sorbus-leaved). fl. white, disposed in a thyrse-like 
panicle. July and A t. l stipuled, pinnate ; leaflets sessile, 
posite, lanceolate, doubly and sharply serrated. h. 3ft. to 6ft. 
Siberia, 1759. 
S. splendens (splendid). A synonym of S. japonica splendens. 
S. thalictroides (Meadow-rue-leaved). A synonym of S. hyperi- 
cifolia thalictroides. 
S. Thunbergii (Thunberg’s). fl. white, axillary, mostly ternate ; 
ovary free, not inflated. Spring. J. exstipulate, linear or linear- 
lanceolate, attenuated and acute at both ends, Eniri argutely 
serrulated, rarely entire, glabrous on both sides. h. lft. to 3ft. 
Japan. (S. Z. F. J. i, 69.) 
S. tomentosa (tomentose). fl. rose-coloured or rarely white, in 
short racemes, crowded into a dense panicle. July. Z. simple, 
ovate or oblong, serrated ; under surface (as well as the stems) 
very woolly. h. 3ft. North America, 1736. (T. S. M. 485.) 
lobed, crenated, brous, reticulately vein 
1f yian 
. lit. Alps, 1801. A very 
handsome, low, erect shrub. (W. D. B. 68, under name of 
S. Ulmaria (Ulmaria).* Queen of the Meadows; common 
Meadow-sweet, &c. white, lin. to in. in diameter; cymes 
corymbose, very compound, 2in. to 6in. in diameter, pubescent. 
i t. l interruptedly pinnate, white and downy 
sy. kn. B. 415.) 
S. U. (leaf-flowered). /l., sepals distinct, stipitate 
transtormed into whorled, lanceolate, sharply-serrated leaves, 
petals and stamens wanting, or, if present, more or less deformed. 
_ 5. vaccinifolia Ci hea alncey Janot); fl. white, in large, loose, 
T — os Re A we wef soa ga he ap ret on 
ase cous beneath. Branches w roun í 
h. Itt, to 2ft. Himalaya, 1838. SYNS. S. laxiflora (L. EET G 
ii. 183), 8. rhamnifolia. 
S5. venusta (charming). A garden synonym of S. lobata. 
S. v. albicans (whitish). A synonym of S. lobata albicans. 
S. en ee jl. white, jin. in diameter; cal 
obtuse ; eee e much-branched, very many-flowered. 
June, J, pin sometimes hoary with thick white tomen- 
Sebo an dete One hs Pg terminal one 
2in. to in. in diameter, palmately three to five-lobed, the lobes 
acutely lobulate and toothed. A. 1ft. to T Himalayas, 1838. 
ban (B. R. 1841, 4, under name of S. kamtschatica hima- 
SPIRAL. Appearing as if wound round an axis, 
SPIRANTHERA (from speira, a spiral, and anthera, 
an anther; alluding to the spiral anthers). Syn. Terp- 
nanthus. ORD. Rutacee. A monotypic genus. The 
species is a very handsome, sweet-scented, highly gla- 
brous, stove, evergreen shrub. It thrives in a compost 
of peat and sandy loam. Propagation may be effected 
by cuttings of half-ripened wood, inserted thinly in sand, 
under ~ glass, jarva must be occasionally removed in 
order to prevent them from damping off, which the 
otherwise likely to do. T if 
S. odoratissima (very sweet-scented). /l. white, sho eet- 
moapae pipas azillary and terminal calyx five-toothed, 
Gik thik ¢ petals five, onga pag pubescent, imbricated ; 
erect, : five, inserted at the base of 
Gand -doteet, acuminate, entire, 
late, trifoliolate ; leaflets 
(of Hooker). A synonym of Pro- 
beneath. A, 6ft. Brazil, 
Fs naya (which see). 
lobes 
SPIRANTHES (from speiros, a spiral, and anthos, 
a flower; alluding to the spiral inflorescence). Lady’s 
Tresses. Syns. Aristotelea (of Loureiro), Cyclopogon, 
Gyrostachys, Ibidiwm. Including Sarcoglottis, Sauro- 
glossum, and Stenorhynchus. ORD. Orchidew. A large 
genus (about eighty species) of stove, greenhouse, or 
‘hardy, terrestrial orchids, broadly dispersed over tem- 
perate and tropical regions. Flowers small or rather 
large, in unilateral or dense, sessile spikes; dorsal sepals 
and petals erect, connivent or slightly coherent in an 
upper lip or hood, or the ends alone spreading; lateral 
sepals free and more spreading, all nearly equal; lip 
sessile or distinctly clawed, often embracing the terete 
column by its broad base, spreading at apex, undivided 
or three-lobed. Leaves variable. Stem leafy, or leafless 
when flowering. Root-fibres often fascicled on a short 
rhizome, sometimes thickened into a tuber. The culti- 
vated species are here described. Except where otherwise 
indicated, stove treatment is necessary. The hardy species 
thrive in turfy loam, amongst which pieces of chalk or 
limestone should be mixed; the stove and greenhouse 
ones succeed in well-drained pots filled with-a mixture of 
turfy loam and fibrous peat, and during the season of 
rest these latter should be kept rather dry. Propagation 
is effected by carefully dividing the rootstocks of old 
plants, just before growth commences. 
S. æstivalis (summer). & and bracts as in S. autumnalis, but 
rather larger ; spike slightly pubescent, slender, many-flowered. 
July and August. l. 2in. to 6in. long, narrowed below ; lower 
ones on the flowering stem linear, resembling the radical leaves. 
Stem 6in. to 18in. igh, glabrous. Western Europe (Britain). 
Hardy. (Sy. En. B. 1473.) 
S. australis (Southern). ji. generally pink, with a white lip, 
sessile ; lateral sepals obscurely dilated at base, but not saccate ; 
the broad base of the lip quite sessile, or sometimes appearing 
raised on a very short claw, with a tubercle on each side ; spike 
spiral, very dense or rather loose. June, Zł., lower ones linear or — 
narrow-lanceolate, ljin. to 4in. long; upper ones reduced to 
scales. Stem 6in. to 12in. or more high. Australia, New 
Zealand, tropical and temperate Asia, extending to some parts 
of Europe. 1823. Greenhouse. SYN. Neottia australis. 
S. autumnalis (autumnal). fl. white, fragrant, sheathed by 
the cucullate, cuspidate bracts ; lip channelled at the base, the 
tip exserted, crenate; spike slender. August and September. 
L lin. long, in lateral rosettes, ovate, acute, appearing after the 
flowers. Stem 4in. to 8in. h; upper part and inflorescence 
pubescent. Europe (Britain), &c. Hardy. (Sy. En. B. 1472.) 
S. bicolor (two-coloured). fl. greenish, with a white lys sepals 
gibbous below the lip; lip complicated, keeled on the back, 
cucullate at the dilated base; spike loose, spiral, 2in. to 4in. 
long, densely glandular-pubescent. January. 1., lowest rosulate, 
oblong - lanceolate, acuminate, disappearing before flowering. 
Stem ere sheathed with minute Teava: h. lft. Trinidad, 
1823. (B. R. 794, under name of Neottia bicolor.) 
S. bracteosa (bracteate). fl. white and yellow; lateral sepals 
connate at base; middle lobe of lip three-lobed ; bracts linear- 
lanceolate, leafy, ge od than the flowers ; spike igs! straight. 
i 5 l, rosulate, oblong, acute. A. lft. il, 1835. (B. 
_ S. cernua (drooping). fl. pure white, sweet-scented, pubescent or 
nearly smooth; lip oblong and very obtuse when outs 
(when not so, conduplicate, or the margins much incurved), the 
callosities at the base prominent; spike cylindrical, rather 
dense, 2in. to bin. long. September and October. J. linear- 
lanceolate, the lowest elongated, 4in. to 12in. long. Stem leafy 
et ~~ = a ear n Borie America, 1796. ae 2 
SNES B: YN. ia cern ap ; 
Se F. G. 42). TR wte , 
S. cinnabarina (cinnabar-coloured).* jl. yellowish-flesh-coloured, 
bee ato sugn y tomentose; segments yellowish within, ap- 
proximating, reflexed at apex; lip whole-coloured ; bracts 
coloured, acute; spike conical, thyrsoid, spirally twisted. 
se Ay aooiie, fhesihing, acute. Stem cylindrical, ar 
— re : - high. Mexico, 1846. Syn. Stenorhynchus 
oe (B. R. 1847. 65). i : 
colorans (coloured).* fi. scarlet, glabrous, Zin. long, approxi- 
mate ae oblong-linear, shortly roto ton bracts 
S. c. maculata 3 LEE 
Aonghas oa Se l variegated with bright green spots 
S. c, Ortgi i large 
white © one ey S via Jl rose-coloured. 7. marked with larg 
