ae 
482 
SPRUE. 
of Asparagus. 
SPUMESCENT, SPUMOSE. Froth-like in ap- 
pearance. 
SPUR. A hollow, terete extension of some part of 
a flower, usually nectariferous; e.g., the calyx of Lark- 
A market name for the smallest sprouts 
spur and the corolla of Violet. The term is rarely 
applied also to a solid, spur-like process. 
SPURGE. See Euphorbia. 
SPURGE FLAX. An old name for Daphne Meze- 
reum, and other species. 
SPURGE LAUREL. See Daphne Laureola. 
SPURGE NETTLE. A common name for Jatropha 
wrens. 
SPURGE OLIVE. A popular name for Cneorwm 
tricoccum and Daphne Mezereum. 
SPURGEWORTS. Lindley’s name for the Ewphor- 
biacee. 
SPURS, SLIPPER. See Pedilanthus. 
SPYRIDIUM (from spyris, a basket, and eidos, 
resemblance; in allusion to the shape of the calyx). 
ORD. Rhamnew. A genus comprising twenty-five species 
of greenhouse, Australian shrubs. Flowers sessile in 
heads or rarely solitary, surrounded by small, brown 
bracts; calyx five-lobed; petals five, hood-shaped, usually 
inclosing the anthers; stamens five; heads small, sessile, 
usually several together in a compound head or in 
corymbose cymes. Leaves usually small. Only one 
species has been introduced to gardens. It thrives in 
a compost of peat and sandy loam. Propagation may be 
effected by cuttings of the half-ripened shoots, cut to a 
joint, dried at the base, and inserted in sand, under a 
glass. 
S. globulosum (globulose). /l.-heads nearly globular, numerous, 
in dense, corym cymes in the axils of the leaves, and not 
much exceeding them. J. ovate, obovate, or oblong, siy obtuse, 
lin. to 14in., or rarely 2in., long, glabrous above, white or hoary 
ee or rarely slightly rusty. 1874. A tall shrub, (R. G. 
by 9 ak ona A scale, usually the homologue of a 
eaf. 
SQUAMATAXUS. A synonym of Savegothea. 
SQUAMATE, SQUAMIFEROUS, SQUAMOSE. 
Scaly ; covered with small, scale-like leaves. 
SQUAMELLA, SQUAMULA. A diminutive or 
secondary scale. 
SQUAMIFORM. Seale-like. 
ilar aa Beset or covered with minute 
scales. 
SQUARROSE. When bodies are rough with 
spreading and projecting processes. Imbricated scales, 
bracts, or leaves are said to be Squarrose when their 
tips are pointed and very spreading or recurved. 
SQUARRULOSE. Minutely squarrose. 
SQUASH. 
Cucurbita. 
SQUILLA. Included under Urginea (which see). 
SQUILL, ROMAN. A popular name for Bellevalia. 
SQUILL, STRIPED. A common name for Pusch- 
kinia scilloides. 
SQUINANE, An old name for Andropogon Sche- 
nanthis, 
SQUIRREL-TAIL GRASS. A popular name for 
several species of Hordeum. 
A name applied to several species of 
THE DICTIONARY. OF 
| flowered, axillary or clustered in terminal spikes. 
GARDENING, 
See Ecballium 
SQUIRTING CUCUMBER. 
Elaterium. 
STAAVIA (named after Martin Staaf, a corre- 
spondent of Linneus). ORD. Bruniacee. A genus com- 
prising about half-a-dozen species of greenhouse shrubs, 
resembling Heaths or Epacrises, and confined to the 
Cape of Good Hope. Flowers small, collected into ter- 
minal, disk-like heads, involucrated by numerous, mostly 
shining, whitish bracts, which are either longer or 
shorter than the leaves; petals free. Leaves small, 
erecto-patent or recurved, linear or acicular. The 
following is the best-known of the few species which 
have been grown in this country. It thrives in sandy 
peat, and may be propagated by cuttings of the young 
wood, inserted in sand, under a glass. 
S. glutinosa (glutinous). |. white, agglutinated with resinous 
juice; heads usually solitary, the size of a cherry; bracts of 
involucre whitish, greenish at base, }in. long, with a black 
mucro. April. J. approximate, erect or spreading, from six to 
eight lines long, linear, trigonal, obtuse, callous, and, as well 
Saye branches, quite smooth. A. 3ft. or more. 1793. (L.B. C. 
STACHYOPOGON. A synonym of Aletris. 
STACHYS (the ancient Greek name used by 
Dioscorides for this genus or for some similar plants, 
and derived from stachys, a spike; alluding to the 
spicate inflorescence). Hedge Nettle; Woindwort. Syns. 
Betonica, Eriostomum, Galeopsis (of Moench), Tetrahitum, 
Trivago, Zietenia. ORD. Labiate. A large genus (nearly 
200 species have been described, but probably not more 
than 160 are really distinct) of greenhouse or hardy, tall 
perennial or diffuse annual herbs, rarely sub-shrubs or 
small shrubs, broadly dispersed, but chiefly inhabiting 
North temperate and Oriental regions. Flowers purplish, 
scarlet, pale, yellow, or white, rather small or sometimes 
showy, sessile or very shortly pedicellate; calyx tubular- 
campanulate, five-toothed; corolla cylindric, with usually 
a ring of hairs inside, often incurved above, not, or 
searcely, dilated at throat; upper lip of limb erect or 
spreading; lower one longer, spreading, three-lobed, the 
mid-lobe largest; stamens four; whorls two to many- 
Nut- 
lets ovoid or oblong. Leaves entire or toothed; floral 
ones conformed or reduced to bracts. S. arvensis (Field 
Betony), S. Betonica, 8. germanica, S. palustris (Clown’s 
All-heal), and S. sylvatica, are included in the British 
Flora. The species, some of which have a rather weedy 
appearance, will thrive in any ordinary garden soil; 
they may be iner.ased by seeds, or by divisions. A 
selection of those best known in gardens is given below; 
except where otherwise indicated, they are hardy, herb- 
aceous perennials. A 
S. albicaulis (white-stemmed). /l., calyx loosely ten-nerved ; 
corolla violet, glabrous, twice as long as the calyx; whorls 
six-flowered, remote; racemes elongated, slightly branched. 
Summer. /. remote, lin. to 3in. long, the lower ones petiolate, 
the upper ones sessile, all lanceolate, deeply toothed, rounded- 
cuneate or narrowed at base. Stem branched, 2ft. to 3ft. high, 
white-woolly at base. Chilian Andes. (B. R. 1558.) 
S. al (alpine). fl, calyx teeth acute, spiny ; corolla purplish 
or fuscous-red, woolly outside, scarcely twice as long as the 
calyx; whorls remote, many-flowered. Summer. l. ‘petiolate, 
ovate, obtuse or slightly acute, crenate-serrate, cordate at base, 
villous, scarcely wrinkled. A. several feet. South Europe. A 
very variable plant. 
S. a. intermedia (intermediate). 
times slightly woolly beneath. 
under name of S, sibirica.) 
S. angustifolia (narrow-leaved). jl. shortly pedicellate ; corolla 
purplish, glabrous or slightly pobescens, the tube shortly exserted ; 
whorls remote, two-flowered ; racemes over lft. long, nearly 
simple. July. J. linear, entire, serrated, or the lower ones pin- 
natifid, all acute at apex. Branches twiggy, diffuse, seve 
=m h. 9in. Tauria, 1823. Hardy sub-shrub. (S. B. F. G. 
l. more wrinkled, and some- 
A large form. (S. B. F. G. 100, 
S. arenaria (sand-loving). fl., calyx four lines long; corolla 
urplish, pilose outside, twice as long as the calyx; whorls 
oosely six to ten-flowered, remote; racemes loose, ascending, 
Larry Shai long. July. l. sub-sessile, oblong-linear or lanceo- 
ate, lin. to jin. long, acute, slightly serrated, long-narrowed 
