AN ENCYCLOPADIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 483 
Stachys—continued. 
towards the base, entire. 
(B. M. 1959.) 
S. aspera (rough). Jl. sessile or nearly so; corolla purple or rose- 
red, glabrous throughout ; spikes usually much interrupted. 
Summer. J. oblong-ovate to oblong-lanceolate, lłin. to 44in. long, 
acute or acuminate, rather obtusely serrated, nearly all distinctly 
peers and truncate or merely sub-cordate at base. h. 2ft. to 
ft. North America and Japan. Plant sparsely hirsute or his- 
pidulous-pubescent. (L. B. ©. 1412.) 
S. Betonica (Betony). Bishop’s-wort; Wood Betony. jl., calyx 
lobes spinescent; corolla red-purple, hairy, fin. long, the tube 
exserted ; whorls in an oblong, long-peduncled spike, lin. to 3in. 
long. June to August. l, petiolate, oblong-cordate, obtuse, lin. 
to 4in. long, deeply crenate; cauline ones few, much narrower 
than the radical ones. Stem 6in. to 2ft. long, ascending or erect. 
Europe (Britain). This plant was formerly much used in medi- 
cine, (Sy. En. B. 1067) SYN. Betonica oficinatis. 
S. coccinea (scarlet).* fl. generally distinctly pedicellate; corolla 
scarlet-red, with a narrow, cylindrical tube twice or thrice as long 
as the calyx ; spike interrupted. Summer. /. ovate-lanceolate 
with a cordate base, or oblong-deltoid, obtuse, crenate, lin. to 
Zin. long; cauline ones slender-petiolate; floral ones sessile. 
Levant, 1804. Plant decumbent. 
h. 1ft. to 2ft. Texas to Arizona and Mexico, 1798. Greenhouse 
eed perennial. (A. B. R. 310; B. M. 665; P. M. B. 
viii. F 8 
S. densiflora (dense-flowered). fl., calyx teeth spiny; corolla 
flesh-coloured, twice as long as the calyx, villous outside, the 
tube incurved ; spike dense, thick, 1ż4in. to 2in. long.- June. 
l. petiolate, ovate-oblong, obtuse, 2in. to in. long, crenate, 
wrinkled, cordate at base; lower floral ones constantly ovate 
and scarcely sessile. Stem erect, 1}ft. high, nearly simple. 
South Europe, 1759. Plant hairy. (B. M. 2125, under name of 
Betonica incana.) SYN. Betonica hirsuta. 
S. germanica (German).* jl., calyx teeth longer than the tube;_ 
corolla pale pink, variegated with white, 4in. long; whorls four 
to six-flowered. April to November. l. coarsely crenate-serrate, 
often cordate; radical ones 2in. to 5in. long, rather long-petio- 
late; cauline ones shortly petiolate, ovate-oblong or lanceolate. 
Stem lft. to 3ft. high, very stout, branched. Europe (Britain). 
A shaggy biennial. _(B. R. 1289; F. D. 684; J. F. A. 319; 
Sy. En. B. 1068.) 
S. grandidentata (large-toothed). fl., calyx teeth somewhat 
spiny; corolla violet, glabrous, twice as long as the calyx ; whorls 
six-flowered, remote. Summer. l. petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, 
deeply toothed, all rounded-cuneate or narrowed at base; floral 
ones shorter than the calyx. Stem erect, lft. to 3ft. high. Chili. 
(B. R. 1080.) : 
S. grandiflora (large-flowered).* fl., calyx six to seven lines long, 
purplish at apex, villous; corolla of a beautiful violet, twelve 
to fourteen lines long, glabrous ; whorls many-flowered, distinct, 
the lower ones remote. May. l. petiolate, broadly ovate, ob- 
tuse, crenate, broadly ‘cordate at base, wrinkled, villous; floral 
ones sessile. Stem lft. high. Siberia, 1800. (B. M. 700, under 
name of Betonica grandiflora.) 
S. inflata (inflated). 7. sessile; calyx Jin. long, white-tomentose ; ` 
corolla red, slightly silky outside, half as long again as the 
calyx ; whorls distant, about six-flowered. July. J. sub-sessile, 
oblong, obtuse, entire, scarcely lin, long, white-tomentose or 
woolly on both sides. Branches elongated, clothed with slightly 
floccose tomentum. h. 14ft. Persia, 1852, Hardy sub-shrub. 
(B. R. 1697.) 
S. lanata (woolly).* jl. striped; whorls many-flowered, the upper 
ones approximating in a spike. July. J. very thick and soft, 
oblong-elliptic, narrowed at both ends, scarcely crenulate, 
wrinkled. Stem 1ft, to 1}ft. high, clothed (as well as the leaves 
and calyces) with dense wool. Tauria, 1782. 
S. Maweana (Mawe’s).* jl., calyx jin. long, woolly ; corolla pale 
straw-colour, with purple blotches on the lower lip, żin. long and 
broad ; whorls collected into a narrow-oblong, leafy spike. July. 
l. spreading, about lin. long, ovate-cordate, sub-acute, -deeply 
crenate- toothed, grey-green above; petioles of the cauline 
leaves longer than the blades. Branches lft. or more high. 
Morocco, 1878. Whole plant clothed with silvery-white hairs. 
(B. M. 6389.) ; 
S. Salviæ (Salvia-like). A synonym of Sphacele Lindleyi. 
S. sibirica (Siberian). A synonym of S. albicaulis intermedia. 
STACHYS. This term, used in Greek compounds, 
denotes a spike: e.g., Phyllostachys, Stachytarpheta, 
Stachyurus. 
“STACHYTARPHA. A synonym of Stachytar- 
pheta (which see). ? 
STACHYTARPHETA (from stachys, a spike, and 
tarphys, thick; alluding to the form of the inflorescence). 
Bastard Vervain. Syns. Abena, Cymburus, Stachytarpha. 
ORD. Verbenacee. A genus consisting of about forty 
species of pilose, villous, or glabrous, stove herbs, sub- 
shrubs, or shrubs, natives of tropical and sub-tropical 
America, one being also broadly dispersed over tropical 
Stachytarpheta—continued. 
Asia and Africa. Flowers white, blue, purple, or scarlet, 
solitary in the axils of the bracts, sessile or half-immersed 
in the rachis of the spike; calyx five-toothed; corolla 
tube straight or incurved, the limb of five broad, 
spreading, obtuse or retuse lobes, equal or variously un- 
equal; perfect stamens two; bracts sometimes small or 
narrow, appressed or loose, sometimes ovate or lanceo- 
late, imbricated; spikes terminal. Leaves opposite or 
alternate, toothed, often wrinkled. All the species thrive 
in a soil composed of sandy loam and leaf mould. The 
shrubs may be propagated by cuttings, inserted in sand, 
under a hand glass, in bottom heat; the perennials may 
be multiplied by divisions, and the annuals by seeds. 
The best species, from a garden standpoint, are de- 
scribed below. 8S. mutabilis is a handsome, perpetual- 
flowering sub-shrub, the leaves of which have been 
imported from South America for the purpose of adul- 
terating tea. 
S. aristata (awned). /l. rich deep blackish-purple, in a very long, 
terminal spike, clothed with numerous leaty b tapering 
suddenly into a long subulation ; corolla tube curved. October. 
l. opposite, ovate or rhomboid-ovate, acute, coarsely serrated, 
entire at base, tapering towards the base into short footstalks, 
wrinkled. A. 2ft. Sout 
. 8. 65.) ; 
S. bicolor (two-coloured). fl. at first purple dually becomir 
pale greenish-blue, the throat of the long, Pannal SRANDA poets 4 
remaining white ; spike terminal, slender, exceeding the leaves ; 
bracts subulate, erect. June. l. varying from ovate to ovate- 
lanceolate, acute, serrated from a little above the base. A. 3ft. 
Brazil, 1865. Shrub. (B. M. 5538.) 
S. cayennensis (Cayenne). fl. blue, sunk in furrows “of the 
rachis ; bracts linear, acuminate, bristly above ; spikes slender. 
May. J. ovate, blunt or bluntish, contracted into the petioles. 
h. 3ft. Cayenne, 1822. Shrub. 
S. crassifolia (thick-leaved). fl. azure-blue ; bracts hard, ovate; 
spikes long, slender, terete, straight, glabrous. June. J, 2in. to 
3in. long, elliptic or oblong-obovate, entire at base, coarctate, 
sessile, obtuse, crenate-serrate, the margins revolute, pubescent- 
tomentose beneath. h. 2ft. Brazil, 1826. Shrub. 
S. dichotoma (dichotomously-branched). f. blue; bracts very 
narrow ; spikes slender, 6in. to 18in. long. June. J. 2in. to 4in. 
long, ovate or ovate-oblong, coarctate at base, cuneate-decurrent, 
acute or acuminate, deeply crenate-serrate. Branchlets tetra- 
gonal. h. 2ft. South America. A dichot ly-b hed sub- 
shrub. (B. M, 1848, under name of S. urticifolia.) 
S. jamaicensis (Jamaica). Brazilian Tea-tree. fl. blue, sunk 
in deep excavations of the thickened rachis; bracts appressed ; 
spikes about as thick as a goose-quill, 6in. to 10in. long. July. 
l. oval or oblong, coarsely serrated, tapering into the petioles. 
h. 2ft. West Indies, 1714. Annual, but suffrutescent at base. 
(B. M. 1860.) à 
S. mutabilis (changeable).* fl. crimson, at length rosy, large, 
sunk in furrows of the rachis ; bracts lanceolate-subulate, spread- 
ing above the middle; spikes elongated, erect. All the year. 
l. ovate, contracted into the petioles, scabrous above, pubescent 
beneath. h. 3ft. South America, 1801. Sub-shrub, (A. B. R. 
435; B. M. 976; R. G. 90.) 
S. urticifolia (Nettle-leaved). A synonym of S. dichotoma. 
STACHYURUS (from stachys, a spike, and oura, a 
tail; in allusion to the shape of the catkins). OBD. 
Ternstrémiacee. A genus consisting of only two species 
of half-hardy, glabrous shrubs or small trees, one being 
Japanese, the other Himalayan. Flowers small, disposed in 
short, lateral or axillary racemes or spikes; sepals four, 
closely imbricated; petals four, free, imbricated ; stamens 
eight, free. Leaves serrated, membranous. S. precox 
is a shrub or small tree, producing its flowers in great 
profusion before the leaves are unfolded. It thrives in 
any common garden soil, but except in the south-western 
counties, requires the shelter of a wall. The plant may 
be readily propagated by means of cuttings of the half- 
ripened wood, inserted in sandy soil, under a bell glass, 
in a greenhouse, and kept shaded until roots are formed. 
S. przcox (precocious).* fl. yellowish-green, in. in diameter, 
b-globosely campanulate, sessile or very shortly pedicellate ; 
petals much larger than the sepals; spikes axillary, 2in. to 3in. 
long, curved, shortly pedunculate, many-flowered. March. l. 4in. 
to 6in. long, obovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, serrulated, 
often oblique, thin, bright green. Branches slender, flexible. 
h.10ft. Japan, 1864. See Fig. 518, p. 484. (B. M. 6631; R. H. 
1869, 200; S. Z. F. J. 18.) 
America, 1845. Sub-shrub, (B, M. 4211 ; 
’ 
