AN ENCYCLOPADIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 487 
Stanhopea—continued. 
S. oculata (eyed).* f. usually lemon-coloured, with a large 
number of lilac spots on the sepals, a smaller number on the 
petals, a deep yellow eye, and two, or occasionally four, large, 
dark brown spots on the side of the hypochil, which is very 
much lengthened out, as if unguiculate; horns semi- terete, 
ascending, acute; peduncle bearing a drooping raceme of 
about six flowers. July to November. l. large, broadly lanceo- 
late, nerved. Pseudo-bulbs small. Mexico, 1829. `A free- 
flowering and very showy species. See Fig. 521. (B. M. 5300; 
B. R. 1800.) SyYNs. S. guttulata, Ceratochilus oculatus (L. B. C. 
1764). Numerous varieties of this species occur in gardens, 
varying in colour and in the spotting of the lip. Most of them 
are sweet-scented. 
S. o. Barkeriana (Barker’s). See S. o. Lindleyi. 
S. 0. crocea (saffron-yellow). A synonym of S. ornatissima. 
S. o. Lindleyi (Lindley’s). /l. of a dull wine-red, but little 
spotted. S. o. Barkeriana is probably the same as this. 
S. ornatissima (very ornate). f/f. of a deep orange-colour, 
spotted with red, and marked towards the base with large 
blotches of reddish-brown; spikes drooping, six to seven- 
flowered. J. plaited. Peru (?), 1862. (I. H. 325; R. G. 189, under 
name of S. oculata crocea.) 
S. platyceras (broad-horned). fi. nankeen-yellow, marked with 
purplish dots and circles of small pune large ; hypochil marked 
on each side with one large, brownish -purple spot. New 
Grenada, 1868. This plant is closely related to S. grandiflora. 
(Ref. B. 108.) 
S. (blackish). fl. apricot- yellow, small; lateral sepals 
oblong, acute, reflexed, the upper one narrower; petals very 
bright yellow, shorter, narrower, ligulate, acute, very bright 
yellow ; lip very bright, shining, like a plump shoe with a 
roundish knob at its top and with sharp, semi-oblong side 
borders ; inside stands a nearly square body with four keels, 
converging like the letter y ; between this and the apical knob 
is an inconspicuous, transverse slit; knob white; the side 
borders and y-like keels brownish - purple; peduncle short, 
strong, two-flowered. Pseudo-bulbs short, conical, ribbed, dark. 
Costa Rica, 1877. (R. X. O. 205.) 
S. quadricornis (four-horned). fl. pale yellow, sparingly spotted 
with crimson; hypochil oblong, having two prominent horns 
standing erect on the lower edge of the cavity ; mesochil two- 
horned, fleshy, excavated; epichil ovate, entire, shorter than 
the terete, incurved horns; bracts very short, narrow. Central 
America. (B. R. 1838, 5.) 
S. radiosa (rayed). A synonym of S. saccata. 
S. Reichenbachiana (Reichenbach’s). jl. of a delicate shining 
white; sepals and petals becoming ochre-coloured ; hypochil 
becoming rosy, semi-globose, prolonged on the upper border 
into an angle; mesochil solid, with a deep channel, abrupt in 
front; epichil triangular, rather convex. Columbia, 1879, A 
curious plant, resembling S. eburnea, but larger and more con- 
spicuous. 
S. Ruckeri (Rucker’s). ‘‘A noble species, with the habit of 
S. Wardii, and its general colour, except that it is paler; but 
the epichil is beautifully stained with pink, and the eyes of 
the hypochil are very faint. It is distinctly separated by the 
peculiar form of the hypochil, which, instead of being oblong, 
is so much narrowed to the base as to be obovate; by the entire 
want of lateral teeth on its margin; and by the presence of.a 
very strong, inflexed tooth, in which the wide, not A 
fissure of the mesochil terminates” (Lindley). Nicaragua, 1843. 
(L. J. F. 375, under name of S. R. speciosa.) 
S. saceata (saccate). fl. greenish-yellow, regularly speckled, but 
not blotched, with brown, deep yellow at base, small; sepals 
and petals turned completely back on the ovary; hypochil very 
deep and incurved ; mesochil reduced to space sufficient for the 
development of two broad, flat horns ; epichil oval, three-lobed ; 
bracts shortened. Guatemala, 1836. Syn. S. radiosa (I. H. 
viii. 270). 
S. Shuttleworthii (Shuttleworth’s). l 
` petals, and basal part of the lip apricot-colour, with dark purple 
lotches ; front part of the lip whitish-yellow, with dark purplish 
spots on the anterior blade ; column whitish, with a green middle 
part, spotted with purple on the inside. Columbia, 1876. This 
is allied to S, insignis. 
S. tigrina (tiger-marked).* Lynx Flower. fl. deep orange-yellow, 
richly Mlotehed with oda be werfully soonted, as much 
as 8in. in diameter ; hypochil roundish, yellow, having radiating, 
toothed lamelle within the cavity ; mesochil two-horned; epichil 
oval, equally trifid, equalling the flat, falcate horns; column 
excessively broad; raceme three or four-flowered. July to 
September. J. large, broadly lanceolate, deep green, plicate. 
Mexico, 1836. This is, without doubt, the finest species of the 
genus. (B. M. 4197; B. R. 1839,1; F. d. S. 713-5, under name 
of S. t. superba.) 
S. t. lutescens (yellowish). ñ. brilliant yellow, inclining to 
orange, barred an deep chocolate, very large and handsome. 
Guatemala. A grand variety for exhibition. 
S. t. nigro-violacea (blackish-violet). . wholly of a dee 
brown-purple, aapt the edges of the sepals and petals and 
the upper half of the lip. 
jl. having the sepals, ` 
Stanhopea—continued. 
S. tricornis (three-horned). fl. whitish-ochre, with darker tips, 
having crimson spots on the disk and base of the petals and on 
the base of the sepals; dorsal sepal reflexed over the ovary, 
the lateral ones spreading; petals entirely covering the lip; 
hypochil marked on the outside with white, Jongitemiad lines, 
rough within and purple dotted, half-globular ; epichil orange- 
ochre, having a third horn at the base in addition to the two 
present at the side; horns ligulate, acute; peduncle pendent, 
two-flowered. Pseudo-bulbs small. Peru, 1879. (L. & P, F. G. i. 
p. 31; F. M. n. s. 469.) 
S. velata (veiled). A synonym of S. Martiana. 
S. venusta (charming). A form of S. Wardii. 
S. Wardii (Ward’s).* /l. showy, and deliciously scented ; sepals 
and petals golden-yellow, much dotted with purple; lip poe 
yellow, with two large, dark velvety-purple spots on the eep 
yellow, oblong, depressed hypochil ; mesochil having two flesh 
horns dotted with purple; epichil roundish-ovate, acute, with 
two semi-terete, falcate, sub-cirrhose horns, also thickly oe 
with purple ; racemes drooping, several-flowered. 7. broad, acu- 
minate, plicate. Guatemala and Venezuela, 1836. . M. 5289 ; 
. S. O. 20.) S. renusta is a whole - coloured variety of this 
apote, S. graveolens (F. d. S., Aug., 1846) is a form of 
. Wardii, having flowers of a dirty-white colour, merging into 
golden-yellow at the centre. : 
S. W. aurea (golden). fl. of a deep orange-yellow, large and 
fragrant ; hypochil bearing two dark spots “ which are in some 
manner lost in the flood of yellow that surrounds them” 
(Lindley). Summer and autumn. - 1835. SYN. S. aurea. 
S. Warscewicziana (Warscewicz’s). fl., sepals and petals 
dirty-white, the latter very acuminate; hypochil yellowish- 
white, globose, jig glabrous within; mesochil two-horned, 
deeply sulcate, with reflexed teeth; epichil finely dotted with 
red; horns very acute, incurved; column broadiy winged, un- 
guiculate ; bracts much shorter than the ovary. Chiriqui Moun- 
tains, (R. X. O. ii. 125.) 
é iy Agee areny (pitcher-bearing). fl. of a pale straw-yellow, 
with purple markings on the base of the lip and purplish dots 
on the rhomboid epichil; hypochil remarkably short. Peru, 
1868. 
STANHOPEASTRUM ECORNUTUM. See 
Stanhopea ecornuta. 
STANLEYA (named in compliment to Edward 
Stanley, Earl of Derby, who took an interest in many. 
sciences, especially ornithology). Orp. Crucifere. A 
genus comprising three species of stout, hardy, glaucous, 
perennial herbs, confined to California. Flowers yellow, 
many in elongated, straight racemes; sepals short, 
spreading ; petals narrow, elongated, long-clawed. Leaves 
undivided or pinnatifid. S. pinnatifida—the only species 
introduced to cultivation—is a pretty plant, thriving in 
vegetable mould, in the open border. It may be in- 
S 
_ereased by seeds, or by divisions, 
S. pinnatifida (pinnatitid-leaved). fl. yellow, very closely resem- 
bling those of a species of Cleome. May. l. interruptedly pin- 
natifid, thick, similar to those of a species of Brassica. h. 3ft. 
1812. 
STANNIA. A synonym of Posoqueria (which see). 
STAPELIA (named by Linneus after Boderus à 
Stapel, a physician of Amsterdam, and commentator on 
Theophrastus; he died in 1631). Carrion Flower. 
Including Caruncularia, Gonostemon, Orbea, Tridentea, 
and Tromotriche. ORD. Asclepiadew. A large genus 
(upwards of sixty species have been described) of low, 
thickly fleshy, leafless, greenhouse succulents, confined 
to South Africa. Flowers ustially large and showy, but 
having a foetid odour (like carrion), solitary, twin, or 
rarely fascicled, at the base or sides of the branches, on 
short, or rarely long, peduncles; calyx five-parted, with 
five glands within the base; corolla livid-purple or pale 
yellow, spotted and marbled, with a very short tube, 
and a much-spreading, five-lobed limb, the lobes broad 
or narrow, valvate; corona double, the outer horizontally 
spreading and deeply five-lobed, the inner consisting of 
five scales; stamens affixed at the base of the corolla. 
Stems deeply four-angled and toothed; young specimens 
sometimes having a caducous, rudimentary leaf at the 
apex of the teeth. A selection of the species most worthy 
of cultivation is given below. All require a thoroughiy 
well-drained compost. This can be obtained by using a 
