496 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Stem—continued. 
have the woody tissues largely developed, so that they 
are very strong and rigid, and, ending in sharp points, 
form an efficient protection against injury from animals. 
Examples of Stem-spines are seen in the Blackthorn, 
the Hawthorn, and many other shrubs. Tendrils, in a 
few plants (e.g., Passion-flower and Vine), are very slen- 
der Stems that have the power of twining round firm 
supports in a continuous spiral from right to left, or 
from left to right. Twining Stems form a transition 
between tendrils and ordinary Stems. 
STEMLET. A diminutive stem. 
TIUM. A synonym of Tristagma 
` (which see). 
STEMODIA (from stemon, a stamen, and dis, 
double; alluding to the anthers, which consist of two 
separate cells) Syn. Unanuea. Including Matowrea. 
ORD. Scrophularinee. A genus comprising about 
twenty-six species of stove, greenhouse, or half-hardy, 
often aromatic herbs, sometimes sub-shrubs, inhabiting 
tropical and Southern extra-tropical America, tropical 
Africa and Asia, and Australia. Flowers generally 
bluish, solitary in the axils, or the upper ones clustered 
in leafy or bracted spikes; corolla tube cylindrical, the 
upper lip broad, entire or emarginate, the lower one 
spreading or three-lobed; stamens four, didynamous; 
anthers two-celled. Leaves opposite, or in whorls of 
three or four. Only two species call for description 
here. These thrive in any rich, moist soil, and may be 
readily multiplied by division of the roots. 
an ; 1 à 
> ving Cie egr raea ok loath 
a y and interrupted. September. J. oblong or lanceolate, 
lin. to 2in. Jong, unequally serrated, acute, cordate-amplexicaul 
or auriculate at base. Stem above lft. high, branched above. 
Chili, 1829. Plant very viscous, half-hardy. (B. R. 1470.) 
S. lobelioides (Lobelia-like). fl. of an intense blue; corolla 
nearly twice as long as the calyx, but smaller than in S. chilensis ; 
erm terminal, somewhat panicled, leafy, at length slightly 
ongated. A t. Z oblong-lanceolate, acute, unequally ser- 
rated, narrowed towards the base, and often dilated-amplexicaul. 
h. lft. Brazil, 1830. Plant glabrous, half-hardy. (B. M. 3134, 
under name of Gratiola tetragona.) 
STEMONA (from stemon, a stamen; in allusion to 
the foliaceous stamens). Syn. Rorburghia. ORD. Rogz- 
burghiacee. A small genus (four or five species) of in- 
teresting, stove climbers, natives of the East Indies, the 
Malayan Archipelago, and tropical Australia. Flowers 
rather large, handsome, but fcetid, on axillary, one or 
few-flowered peduncles; perianth segments four, distinct, 
biseriate, erect, acuminate; stamens nearly hypogynous. 
Leaves alternate, lanceolate, ovate, or cordate, rather 
shining, with thick, transverse veinlets ; petioles inarti- 
culate. Perhaps the only species in cultivation is that 
described below. It thrives in light, turfy loam, and 
may be readily increased by suckers. 
S. gloriosoides (Gloriosa-like). 7. green, campanulate, glabrous ; 
perianth segments narrow, acuminate ; peduncles per Soy race- 
mosely one to three-flowered. July. /. scattered, very rarely 
nearly opposite, ovate-lanceolate, loosely cordate, acuminate, 
slightly mucronate, 4in. to 6in. er, h. 6ft. East Indies, 1803. 
Syns. Roxburchia gloriosa (B. M. 1500), R. viridiflora (S. E. B. 57). 
STEMONACANTHUS. Included under Ruellia. 
STENACTIS SPECIOSA. A synonym of 
Erigeron speciosus (which see). 
STENANDRIUM IGNEUM. 
Chamæranthemum igneum. 
- STENANTHERA (from stenos, narrow, and anthera, 
an anther; the filaments are broader than the anthers, 
which causes the latter to appear narrow). ORD. 
Epacrideæ. A small genus (two species) of beautiful, 
greenhouse, evergreen shrubs, now included, by Bentham, 
under Astroloma ; both are natives of Australia. Flowers 
axillary, solitary ; corolla tube without tufts of hairs or 
fringed scales inside ; filaments much flattened. Leaves 
A synonym of 
linear, with revolute margins. The species thrive best | 
Stenanthera—continued. 
in a compost of one-third sandy loam, and two-thirds 
very sandy peat. The fine roots of the plants are 
injured by the application of much water; consequently, 
ample drainage must be provided in the pots. » Propa- 
gation may be effected by cuttings, taken from the 
young shoots, and inserted in sand, under a glass, in 
heat. 
S. ciliata (ciliated). fl. red, almost sessile ; sepals obtuse ; corolla 
tube nearly or quite jin. long; bracts very small. April. 
l. spreading, linear, tapering into a short point, serrulate- 
ciliated, convex, with recurved margins, crowded and jin. long, 
or more distant and 4in. long. Stems prostrate or diffuse. 1836. 
The correct name of this plant is Astroloma longiflorum. 
S. pinifolia (Pine-leaved).* fl. sessile and solitary in each axil, 
but often crowded at the bases of the branchlets ; bracts several, 
inner ones lin. to $in. long; corolla about jin. long, reddish at 
base, passing into yellow, with green tips. May. Jl. crowded, 
very narrow-linear, rigidly pointed, with revolute, scabrous 
margins, about din. long. h. 2ft. to 3ft. (or small and diffuse). 
1811. (B. R. 218.) ; 
STENANTHIUM (from stenos, narrow, and anthos, 
a blossom ; alluding to the narrow perianth segments and 
panicles). ORD. Liliaceæ. This genus embraces five 
species of greenhouse or hardy, bulbous plants, of which 
one is a native of North-west Asia, and the rest are 
North American. Flowers racemose or paniculate, often 
nodding, pedicellate ; perianth whitish, greenish, or dark 
purple, narrowly or broadly campanulate, the segments 
connate in a very short, turbinate tube, spreading above, 
narrow or lanceolate; stamens six; bracts small or minute. 
Leaves radical or at the base of the stem, long, linear 
or linear-lanceolate. Stem erect, tall, simple except the 
inflorescence, sometimes furnished with a few small leaves. 
Only three species call for mention here. They thrive in 
a mixture of sandy loam and peat, and may be increased 
by division. All are North American. 
angustifolium (narrow-leaved). f. greenish-white, the lower 
ones often sterile, nearly sessile; perianth about Lin, in diameter ; 
panicle 1ft. to 2ft. long, 4in. to sin. broad, composed of simple, 
spiked racemes. Juneand July. l channelled, lft. to 2ft. long. 
Stem 2ft. to 3ft. high. Hardy. 
S. a. gramineum (Grass-like). fl. fewer than in the type. 
l. narrower. SYN. Helonias graminea (B. M. 1599). 
S. frigidum (frigid). f., perianth purplish, łin. to ĝin. long; 
racemes lateral, ascending, few-flowered ; panicle loose, lft. long. 
June. l., radical ones five or six, firm, linear, acute, glabrous, 
2ft. long. Stem 2ft. to 3ft. high, with a few reduced leaves. 
1846, dy. (F. d. S. 468L ; J. H. S. i. 32.) 
S. occidentale (Western). f. dark purple, somewhat resembling 
those of a Hyacinth, campanulate, disposed in a loose raceme. 
Summer. l. two to four, linear. Stem slender, furnished with a 
few reducedleaves. 1881. Hardy. (R.G.1035, f. 3, and 1132, f. 1.) 
STENIA (from stenos, narrow; alluding to the form 
of the pollen masses). ORD. Orchidee. A small genus 
(three species) of stove, epiphytal orchids, natives of 
Guiana, Columbia, and Peru. Flowers rather large; 
sepals of equal length, spreading, the lateral ones rather 
broader, adnate at base to the foot of the rather thick, 
erect column; petals similar to the dorsal sepal; lip 
continuous with the foot of the column, fleshy, broad, 
nearly saccate, the lateral lobes small, the middle one 
undivided, or all broader and fimbriate, the disk crested; 
pollen masses four, oblong-linear; scapes short, recurved, 
one-fiowered. Leaves oblong or narrow, coriaceous. 
Stems shortened. Pseudo-bulbs clustered, one or two- 
leaved. For culture, see Maxillaria. 
S. fimbriata (fringed light yellow rked at 
the base of the nh en cla d He a Frapas d o dots; 
peduncles erect. 1. cuneate-oblong, acute. Columbia, 1869. SYN. 
Chondrorhynca fimbriata (Ref. B. 107). 
S. guttata (spotted). This species is closely related to S. pallida, 
but differs ia having blunter sepals rg tals, with = ts of 
purple on a straw-coloured ground, and in the lip being blotched 
and having only seven callous teeth. Peru, 1880. 
S. pallida (pale). fl. pale citron-colour, 14in. or more in diameter ; 
sepals and petals linear, acute; lip spotted with red, saccate, 
entire, fleshy, ovate; scapes radical, prostrate. Angust to 
October. l. two to five, oblong, acute, slightly narrowed and 
keeled at base, sheathed with brownish, spathaceous scales. 
Stem wanting. Demerara, 1837. (B. R. 1838, 30.) 
rales er TORT 
