AN ENCYCLOPADIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 503 
Stigma—continued. ig 
in having its surface covered with long cells, attached 
loosely by one end to the cells below, with the other 
end free. These cells secrete a sticky fluid, which 
retains the pollen grains when they touch it, and also 
stimulates them to emit tubes (see Pollen). The tubes 
can readily pass in between the loosely-arranged cells 
of the Stigma, and then down the loose “ conducting 
tissue” of the style and ovary. The Stigma has no 
epidermis upon it, in which it differs from all other parts 
of flowering plants. It is usually situated on the tip 
or along one side of the style; or the latter may be 
absent, in which ease the Stigma is situated on the 
tip of the ovary. It may be displaced from this position 
by inequality of growth in the two sides of the ovary. 
Each carpel has a Stigma; but where two or more carpels 
are closely united, the Stigmata may also be so united 
as to appear like one. In those flowers that are pollinated 
by wind (e.g., Grasses), the Stigma is frequently covered 
with long, spreading hairs; while in those pollinated 
by insects, and in cleistogamous flowers; the Stigma is 
usually small, and confined to the tip of the style, or 
to a narrow line on one side of it. 
STIGMAPHYLLON (from stigma, and phyllon, a 
leaf; alluding to the stigmas being expanded into a 
sort of leaf). ORD. Malpighiacee. A genus comprising 
about fifty species of handsome, stove, climbing shrubs, 
natives of tropical America. Flowers yellow; calyx 
five-parted, eight-glanded; petals unguiculate, unequal, 
glabrous ; stamens ten, unequal, six being perfect; corymbs 
umbelliform, on axillary and terminal branchlets or pe- 
duncles; pedicels minutely bracteate at base, articulated 
and bibracteolate below the middle. Leaves generally 
opposite, of two forms, entire or denticulate, rarely 
lobed; petioles biglandular; stipules minute. The species 
best known to cultivation are described below. They 
will grow in a mixture of loam, leaf soil, and peat, with 
the addition of some sharp sand. Cuttings, made from 
ripened wood, will root freely if inserted in sandy soil, 
under a hand glass, in heat, taking about three or four 
weeks to do so. 
S, aristatum (awned). #., petals fimbriated ; umbels peduncu- 
late, few-flowered. June to August. l., cauline ones glabrous, 
Sagittate-hastate, angled, acute ; those on the younger branchlets 
often oblong, entire; petioles biglandular at apex. A. 15ft. 
Brazil, 1832. (B. R. 1659.) 
S. ciliatum (ciliated).* Golden Vine. fl. large, three to six in an 
umbel; petals fringed, with long claws. October. J. opposite, 
cordate, oblique at the base, smooth, ciliated, glaucous. Brazil, 
1796. ll climber. (P. M. B. xv. 77.) 
S. diversifolium (variable-leaved). ., pedicels articulated at 
the base. June. shining above, pubescent or tomentose 
beneath, ovate or oblong-linear, rounded or almost cordate at 
base; petiolar glands aa to the leaf. West Indies, 1826. 
Lofty climber. 
S, fulgens (brilliant). fi. borne on divided peduncles, Summer. 
l. glabrous , above, e beneath with silky down, cordate- 
rounded, mucronulate, repand, entire; basilar sinus open ; w 
oc ip, Sn a little below the top. West Indies, &c., 1 
climber. 
S. heterophyllum (variable-leaved). fi. several to an umbel, 
on solitary, axillary peduncles; sepals erect; petals orbicular, 
December. /. opposite, mostly ovate, waved, entire, very obtuse, 
mucronate ; sometimes broader, almost cordate, deeply three- 
lobed ; lobes oblong, obtuse, mucronate, the side ones spreading, 
Buenos Ayres, 1842. Tall climber. (B. M. 4014.) 
S, jatrophzefolium (Jatropha-leaved). fi., petals fimbriated, 
shell-shaped ; umbel ay Tiar Summer. J. palmately five 
to seven-cleft or parted, acute, serrate-ciliated, cordate, clear 
Betis green ; petioles biglandular at apex. A. 6ft. Uruguay, 1841. 
(B. R. xxx. 75 
S. littorale (shore-loving).* f. on pedicels }in. to 1}in. long; 
corolla lin. in diameter; claw of the petals longer than the 
sepals; peduncles axillary, solitary, many-fowerod ; corymbs 
terminal, simple or compound. Autumn. 1. opposite and alter- 
nate, Jong-petiolate, 2in. to bin. long, varying in shape. South 
Brazil, A tall, leafy climber. (B. M. 6623.) 
STIGMAROTA. -A synonym of Flacourtia (which 
see), 
STIGMATIC, STIGMATOSE. Relating to the 
stigma. : 
STIGMATIFEROUS. Stigma-bearing. 
STIGMATOID. Stigma-like. 
STILAGINEÆ. Included under Buphorbiacer. 
STILBEZ. A tribe of Verbenacee. 
STILLINGFLEETIA. A synonym of Sapium 
(which see). 
STILLINGIA (named in honour of Dr. Benjamin 
Stillingfleet, 1702-1771, an eminent English’ botanist). 
ORD. Euphorbiacee. Thirteen species have been referred 
to this genus; they are stove or greenhouse, glabrous 
shrubs, inhabiting North and South America, the Mascarene 
and Pacific Islands. Flowers monecious, apetalous; 
males often three under a bract, sub-sessile; females 
solitary under the lower bracts, sessile or very shortly 
pedicellate, few in a spike, or the spike sometimes all 
males; spikes terminal, simple; bracts short and broad, 
biglandular. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, shortly 
petiolate, entire or glandular-denticulate. Be sehefera, 
the Tallow-tree of China, the proper name of which is 
Excecaria sebifera, is the only species calling for mention 
here; it yields a hard wood, used by the Chinese for 
wood engravings; tallow is extensively obtained from - 
the seeds, and the leaves are employed for dyeing . 
black. 
STINGING BUSH. A common name for Jatropha 
UTENS, 
STINKING GLADWYN. A common name for 
Iris fætidissima. 
STIPA (from stipe, a silky “or feathery substance; 
alluding to the inflorescence). Including Lasiagrostis and ` 
Macrochloa. ORD. Graminee. A large genus (nearly 
100 species) of stove, greenhouse, or hardy, tall or rarely 
dwarf, perennial grasses, widely distributed over tropical 
and temperate regions. Spikelets one-flowered, narrow, 
paniculate, the rachis of the spikelet articulated above 
the lower glumes; glumes three, narrow, keeled, the two 
outer ones usually persistent; panicle terminal, often 
slender, slightly branched. Leaves convolute-terete or 
rarely flat. A selection from the few introduced hardy 
species is given below. With the exception of 8. elegan- 
tissima, all are hardy. 8S. pennata, the well-known Feather 
Grass of gardens, is a very ornamental plant. Stipas 
thrive in any ordinary soil, and may be increased by 
seeds or by divisions, 
= 
ISS 
Fie, 535. STIPA PENNATA. 
oe (very el t). fl, panicle very loose, 6in. to 
es ong, at length broadly spreading ; the rachis and long, 
nches elegantly plumose with fine, spreading hairs. 
rag nading mostly erect, sonetiate when "L Stems from a 
horizontal rhizome, erect and branching, 2ft. to 3ft. higb. 
Australia. Greenhouse, 
pieentes, igantic). f., glumes subulate, much longer than 
e a Sna fin. ong, naked above ; bristles slightly 
