508 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Stoma—continued. t 
they are more numerous on the upper surface. Where 
the sides of a leaf are equally exposed to light, e.g., in 
vertical leaves, or phyllodes, the Stomata are disposed 
in equal numbers on both surfaces. In floating leaves 
` (Nympheæa), they occur only on the upper surface, exposed 
to the atmosphere. The number varies in different plants 
from a few hundreds to over 300,000, on a square inch 
of surface of a leaf, but from 20,000 to 150,000 seem to 
occur most frequently on that space. 
Besides the ordinary Stomata for the passage of air, 
and of water in the form of vapour, many plants possess 
others of much larger size, placed singly or in groups 
along the edges of the leaves, above the ends of the veins. 
They resemble the other Stomata in form, but their 
guard-cells cannot move, i.e., cannot alter the width of 
the slit between them. Their use is to permit the escape 
of water in drops, instead of in vapour. A familiar 
example of this action may be observed in Richardia 
africana, from the tip of whose leaves drops of water 
often fall. Tt is also exhibited in the drops of water 
that are so frequently seen on the tips of the leaves 
of young Wheat, and of other Cereals, in damp evenings, 
when evaporation is slow. The water thus exuded often 
has Carbonate of Lime in solution, and, as the drops 
evaporate, this is deposited, in such plants, in a white 
crust around the waterpores, as such Stomata are called. 
STOMATIFEROUS. Stomata-bearing. 
STONE. A hard body produced by the ossification 
of the endocarp or lining of certain fruits, which are 
commonly known as Stone Fruits; e.g., Apricot, Peach, 
Plum. 
STONECROP. 
see). 
STONE ORPINE. A common name for Sedum 
` veflexum (which see). 
STONE PINE. A common name for Pinus Pinea 
(which see). 
STONNORD. An old name for Stonecrop. See 
um. 
A common name for Sedum (which 
STOOL. A stemless “mother” plant, from which 
layers are annually propagated, by bending into the soil. 
STORAX. See Styrax. 
STORAX, LIQUID. See Liquidambar imberbe. 
STORING. A term applied to the lifting of certain 
vegetables, principally root crops, in autumn, and placing 
them in sand or dry soil, under cover, where a portion 
can be procured for use at any time during the winter. 
Beetroots, Carrots, Potatoes, Salsafy, Scorzonera, &c., are 
well-known examples. The term is also applicable to the 
preservation of fruits and, indeed, almost anything 
which has to be housed and kept after maturity for - 
future use. 
STORE’S BILL. A common name for Pelargonium 
(which see). 
` STOVE. A plant-house devoted to the cultivation 
of subjects requiring a high temperature, many of which 
are amongst the most beautiful, either for their flowers or 
for their fine foliage. Where large specimens are grown, 
it becomes necessary to provide accommodation on an ex- 
tensive scale; but, in the majority of gardens, a single 
Stove, or a house with a division in the centre, suffices. 
In a large collection, even of Stove plants, many will need 
a higher temperature than others: one division of a house 
may generally be kept hotter than the.other, and so the 
proper requirements are met. When only one house is 
available, much may be done by keeping such plants as 
require most heat at the warmest end, and by admitting 
whatever air is required at the cooler end. 
The best form of structure suited for a Stove is that 
Stove—continued. 
known as the span-roofed; the hip-roofed also answers 
well, but the wall on one side excludes a_ portion 
of the light that would be secured in the span. For the 
successful culture of Stove plants, particularly flowering 
kinds, the admission of all possible light is one of the 
most important conditions. When subjected to plenty of 
light, foliage plants also assume a more beautiful colour- 
ing, and have a shorter-jointed growth, than when 
situated unfavourably regarding this provision for their 
well-being. A plunging-bed should be provided, and 
heated either by hot-water pipes with cocoanut fibre 
above, or by tan; the latter is not always procurable, 
and is sometimes objected to. In large span-roofed 
Stoves, of from 15ft. to 18ft. in width, it is generally 
best to have the plunging-bed in the centre, a path 
down either side;sand a stage next the side all round. 
This stage should not be of open woodwork if there 
are hot-water pipes beneath, but made of slate, or con- 
structed of wood, so that some ashes or shells may be 
placed beneath the pots for retaining moisture. 
Ventilation should be arranged so that air cannot, on 
entering, come in direct contact with the plants ; for pre- 
venting this, it is best to place side ventilators in the walls 
near the pipes, and to only use others situated near the 
top when there is comparatively little difference between 
internal and external temperatures. Most Stove plants 
require a light shading from the summer’s sun; this is best 
fixed on rollers, so that it may be let down and drawn 
up at any time, according to the weather. Generally, 
plenty of water and a moist atmosphere are necessary 
in the Stove; the plants must, therefore, be well and 
carefully drained, and the soil used be of an open descrip- 
tion, whether loam or peat, in order that water may 
readily pass through. 
In the arrangement of Stove plants, overcrowding should 
be avoided, as growth is rapid with many of them, and 
the plants soon become drawn or one-sided. Cleanliness 
amongst plants, and also pots, is of great importance : 
a high Stove temperature favours the multiplication of 
insects, particularly if a moist atmosphere is not always 
maintained. 
STRAMINEOUS. Straw-coloured. 
STRAMONIUM. Included under Datura (which 
see). 
STRANGEA. Included under Grevillea (which 
see). 
STRANVZESIA (named after the Hon. W. Fox 
Strangways, F.R.S., a learned investigator of the Flora 
of Europe). ORD. Rosacee. A monotypic genus. The 
species is an ornamental, nearly hardy, evergreen, 
branched tree. It succeeds best when planted against 
a south wall, and slightly protected during severe 
weather. Propagation may be effected either by graft- 
ing, or by budding upon the common Thorn. 
S. ucescens (grey-leaved). fl. white, at length floccose ; 
yx persistent, the tube campanulate, the limb of five erect 
lobes ; petals five, sessile, spreading, pilose at base; corymbs 
axillary and terminal, many-flowered. June. fr. orange- 
coloured, small. Z. alternate, petiolate, simple, coriaceous, 
ovate-lanceolate, serrulated; stipules bristly. A. 20ft. Tem- 
perate Himalaya and Khasia Mountains. (B. R. 1956.) 
STRATA (plural of Stratum, meaning anything spread 
out, or strewn over a given surface). A term used to 
denote the layers in sand or in rocks, such as may be 
seen in a sand-pit, a slate-quarry, or a chalk-pit. One 
sees the layers in cuttings as thinner or thicker bands, 
one above the other; and that they are spread out one 
above the other can be recognised if each layer is care- 
fully removed from the surface of the one below it. By 
far the greater number of different kinds of rocks show 
layers, but some, such as granite and trap, do not. The 
layers, or Strata, are now believed by all geologists to 
