512 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Strawberry—continued. 
be determined by the total intended to be forced, the 
space available, and other conditions that are mostly of 
individual, and not general, application. Forced plants 
of Vicomtesse H. de Thury Strawberry are sometimes 
induced to bear a second crop in the following autumn. 
They are reduced a little at the root, then potted up 
afresh, and grown on either outside or in frames. 
Towards autumn, a second crop of flowers appears; and 
if they set well, the fruits can be ripened with fire-heat, 
and a fairly good crop secured, that proves invaluable 
for dessert, even if of second-rate quality, so far out of 
the natural season. The variety above named is pecu- 
liarly noted for this method of treatment; none of the 
others that are forced are adapted for autumn fruiting 
with the same degree of certainty. 
Insects, §c. Few species have been recorded as 
noticeably injurious to the Strawberry; but this 
plant, like almost all other garden herbs, is liable to 
have the leaves and flower-buds eaten by Surface 
Caterpillars, and the roots devoured by larve of 
Cockchafers, and species of Otiorhynchus, especially 
of O. sulcatus. Information in regard to the insects, 
and the best means of lessening the damage done by 
them, will be found under the headings indicated. 
In Ormerod’s “ Report of Injurious Insects,” for 1883, is 
an account of serious damage done near Chester, in May 
and June, by the larve of a small Moth called in the 
Report the ‘“Strawberry-leaf Button Moth,” Peronea 
comparana (?). The flowers and sides of the leaflets 
were spun together and eaten by the larve, and the 
result was that badly-infested plants died. ‘‘ Young 
Strawberry-plants of twelve months old are never 
affected ; two-year-old plants are affected rather badly, 
but three-year-old plants are invariably ruined.” The 
larva is cylindrical and green, with a pale yellow head, 
and is rather bristly. The pupa is pale green, with 
reddish wing-cases and abdomen. The moth, which 
appears at the end of June, is under jin. in spread of 
fore wings, which are pale ochreous, with a large, dark 
brown, triangular blotch running in from the front 
margin of each wing two-thirds across it; there is a 
dark streak inwards from the hind margin near the base 
of the wing. The hind wings are grey. There is pro- 
bably a second brood of the insects in autumn. In the 
“ Entomologist” for 1881 (p. 232), an attack, similar to 
the above, is recorded from near Blairgowrie,'in Perth- 
shire, but the moth is named Peronea aspersana. Yet 
it is the same species, perhaps, though apparently there 
is uncertainty about the correct name. Probably, the 
remedy suggested in the “Report” quoted above, of 
skimming the soil, to remove pupe with it, and with 
the surface rubbish, would be found useful. 
The leaves of Strawberry-plants that have been forced 
are liable to serious harm from the Red Spider (see 
Tetranychus telarius). During the process of forcing, 
Strawberries are also invariably attacked by Green Fly, 
which prove very destructive if not checked at first. 
Fumigating with tobacco-smoke is the best and most 
effectual remedy, but this should not be done while the 
plants are in flower. At any stage before flowering, or 
after the fruits are set, no danger need be apprehended, 
provided, of course, that the method of fumigating is 
properly earried out. 
The fruit of the Strawberry is liable to be eaten by 
Slugs and Snails (which see), as well as by Milli- 
pedes, such as Polydesmus and Julus (see Millipedes). 
Mice, too, often prove -very destructive, by nibbling off 
the fruits before they are ripe, or by eating the seeds, 
when they are at all prominent, from ripe fruits. 
: Fungi. The Fungi parasitic on Strawberries are few 
in number, and, so far as experience goes, not seriously 
_ hurtful to the plants. The most conspicuous in their 
effects produce spots on the leaves, sometimes in very 
g 
Strawberry—continued. 
great profusion. The spots are at first brownish-red, 
surrounded by a brighter red margin. After a time, the 
centre becomes white, by separation of the epiderm 
from the lower tissues, and because of the presence of 
air below it. In the white area lie imbedded various 
minute, black specks, which the microscope shows to be 
pycnidia inclosing sporidia, or perithecia, with spores in 
asci. The only Fungus of this group recorded from 
Britain as living on the Strawberry is Leptothyrium 
Fragarie, which has minute, cylindrical sporidia (each 
with four or five dots in it) in its pycnidia. On the 
Continent there have also been recorded: Ascochyta 
Fragarie, with two-celled sporidia; Phoma fragaricola, 
with one-celled, small sporidia; Septoria Fragariw, with 
three-septate sporidia; and Spherella Fragarie, with 
two-celled spores in asci. The spots produced by all 
these are much alike; and it is doubtful in how far the 
various Fungi belong to species really distinct among 
themselves. When very abundant, they injure the leaves, 
and thus weaken the plants. It has been observed that 
plants on clay soils are more liable to attack, and that, 
if transferred to more open soil, they become almost 
free from the Fungi. No direct remedy is known, but 
the plants, though weakened, are seldom killed by the 
disease. ; 
The fruits, when beginning to decay, in damp places, 
are often overgrown with moulds. The best preventive 
is the freer admission of air. 
Sorts. Of the hybrid or large-fruited Strawberry so 
largely cultivated in gardens, a selection of sorts is 
subjoined, which includes those generally grown for 
forcing, and for early, mid-season, and late crops out- 
side. Where the object is to give only a selection, and 
there are so many to choose from, it is not unlikely that 
some of those omitted are of equal merit with others 
included. Alpine Strawberries (F. vesca monophylla) 
are represented in Red and White varieties. The Bush 
Alpine is a distinct Strawberry, inasmuch as the plants 
produce no runners. There are red and white forms of 
this, which may be raised from seeds or increased by 
means of division. The fruits of the Hautbois Straw- 
berry (F. elatior) possess a peculiar and strong flavour, 
which is disagreeable to some people, but much liked 
by others. A few plants are generally grown in 
gardens, but rarely a quantity. Runners are freely pro- 
duced, and afford a ready means of raising or increasing 
a stock. 
Bicton Pine. Fruit creamy-white, sometimes tinged with red 
where exposed to the sun, large; flesh white, juicy, of fairly 
sen flavour. Mid-season. Plant very productive, of compact 
k Prince, Fruit dark red, shining, changing almost to 
black when quite ripe, small; seeds prominent. The plant is a 
free bearer, and forces well. It is valued, both for forcing 
and outdoor culture, on account of its earliness. 
British Queen.* Fruit light scarlet, but not always uniform in 
colour, frequently very large, often flattened ; flesh white, very 
juicy and richly flavoured. When well grown, this may justly 
be designated the best of all Strawberries; but the plant is 
tender, and does not always succeed and bear satisfactorily. It 
is much esteemed as a late variety for forcing. 
Dr. Hogg.* Fruit light re rge; 
flesh pale pinkish-white, solid, a The: es oe 
the appearance of BRITISH QUEEN, but is much hardier, rather 
later, and more prolific than that variety. 
Elton, Fruit dark red or crimson, large; flesh red throughout, 
walsahie lata teusell, specially tassel anana Ead 
’ TVI Ek 
almost certain ieee. kni rahe “A om 
Late Pine, Fruit dark red, very large. This ripens 
about the same time as ELTON, and is of better flavour than 
that variety. Plant of free-bearing habit. 
James Veitch, Fruit bright vermilion, very large and hand- 
some ; flesh solid, rich and juicy. Plant very robust. A mid- 
season variety ; it sometimes produces fruit of unusual size. 
Keen’s Seedling.* Fruit dark crimson next the sun, large, 
roundish ; flesh scarlet, rich and agreeably flavoured. This is an 
