AN ENCYCLOPADIA 
OF HORTICULTURE, 521 
Strychnos—continued. 
Ignatia, Lasiostoma, Narda, Rouhamon, Unguacha. ORD. 
Loganiacee. A genus comprising nearly sixty species of 
stove, evergreen trees and shrubs, often tall climbers, 
broadly dispersed over the tropics. Flowers small or 
rather long, usually white, cymose, four or five-parted; 
corolla lobes valvate. Fruit baccate, mostly globose, 
indehiscent. Leaves opposite, three to five-nerved at or 
above the base, membranous or coriaceous. “The species 
of Strychnos contain in the bark of their root and in 
their seeds two alkaloids (strychnine and brucine), com- 
bined with a peculiar acid (igasuric acid)—properties 
which are extremely energetic; their action on the 
nervous system is most powerful, whether as invaluable 
medicines or as mortal poisons... .. The seeds of 
S. Nux vomica act as a powerful excitant of the spinal 
cord and nerves, and stimulate the functions of the 
organs of voluntary motion, in cases of paralysis which 
do not proceed from injury to. t in, for which the 
seed itself, or an extract, or its alkaloid, strychnine, 
are employed .... 8. Ignatia yields the Ignatius 
Bean of India, used as a remedy for cholera. S. pota- 
torum yields the celebrated Clearing Nut of India, which 
clarifies foul water when this is put in a vessel of which 
the inside has been rubbed with it” (Le Maoit and 
Decaisne). S. colubrina, a native of Malabar, furnishes 
one kind of lignum colubrinwm, or Snakewood. The pulp 
of the fruit of several members of this genus is edible. 
The species, of which about half-a-dozen have been in- 
troduced to cultivation, are of no particular value from 
a garden standpoint. 
STUARTIA (named in honour of John Stuart, Lord 
Bute, 1713-1792, a zealous patron of botany). Spelt 
Stewartia by a few authors. Including Malachodendron. 
ORD. Ternstriémiacee. A genus comprising only three 
species of beautiful, hardy shrubs; two of which are 
North American and the third Japanese. Flowers large 
or mediocre, solitary in the axils, shortly pedunculate; 
sepals and petals five, rarely six, the latter imbricated 
and cohering towards the base; stamens numerous. 
Leaves membranous, deciduous. The species given below 
merit a place in erery collection of ornamental shrubs. 
Although sufficiently hardy to bear our winters in the 
open air, yet the young shoots often become injured by 
very severe weather, the summer not being long enough 
to thoroughly ripen the wood or bring the flowers to 
perfection; it is therefore advisable to keep the plants 
in the conservatory or cool greenhouse, except in 
favoured spots in the South of England, &c. Peat soil, 
mixed with a little loam, is the most suitable compost. 
Propagation may be readily effected by layering; or by 
pray of ripened cuttings, inserted in sand, under a hand 
glass. 
S. grandiflora (large-flowered). A synonym of S. pseudo-camellia. 
5. (five-styled).* fl. cream-coloured, and, as well as 
e leaves, rather larger r in S. virginica ; sepals and petals 
five or six, the latter obovate, with jagged es; stamens 
longer than in S, virginica. May to July. 1. oval, acute. A. 10ft. 
North America, 1785, (B. M. 3918.) Syn. Malachodendron ovatum 
(B. R. 1104). 
S. pseudo-camellia (false Camellia). /l. creamy-white ; sepals. 
dull reddish - brown above, finely serrulate. Summer. J. oval- 
elliptic, shortly toothed, acuminate, narrowed at the base into 
the reddish l organy Branches erect, flexuose. h. 12ft. Japan. 
SYN. S. grandiflora (R. H. 1879, 430). 
S. vir, (Virginian).* fl. white; sepals ovate; petals five, 
round-obovate, ie long. foni and May. l. oblong-ovate, ser- 
ted, softly downy beneath. A. 8ft. North America, 1743. 
oe: ja ii., viii. 433; A. B. R. 73, under name of S. mary- 
ica. 
STUBWORT. An old name for Ozalis Acetosella. 
E. Tow-like; furnished with mats or tufts 
of long hairs. 
STURMIA. A synonym of Liparis (which see). 
Vol. III 
STYLAGO. A synonym of Strumaria (which see). 
STYLANDRA. A synonym of Podostigma (which 
_ gee), 
STYLE (from stylos, a column; in allusion to its 
form). The narrow portion of most carpels between the 
ovary and the stigma, Its use is to support the stigma 
in such a position as to favour pollination. The cells 
in its centre are very loosely arranged, and form what 
is called the “conducting tissue,” for the passage of 
pollen tubes from the pollen grains on the stigma to the 
ovules in the interior of the ovary. 
STYLIDIEZH. A small natural order of herbs or 
rarely under-shrubs, chiefly Australian, a few species 
being found in tropical Asia, or in New Zealand and 
Antarctic America. Flowers hermaphrodite or very rarely 
unisexual, in terminal racemes or thyrsoid or corymbose 
panicles, rarely reduced to spikes or to single flowers, 
the primary inflorescence usually centripetal, the secondary 
often, or sometimes the whole, centrifugal; calyx tube 
adnate to the ovary, the limb of five divisions, all free 
or more or less united in two lips, the upper of three; 
corolla usually irregular, deeply divided into five lobes, 
of which one (the lowest), called the labellum, is much 
smaller than, or different from, the others, or rarely the 
corolla, as well as the calyx, regularly five or six-lobed ; 
stamens two, the filaments connate with the style in a 
column free from the corolla. Capsule two- valved. 
Leaves radical or scattered, or collected in whorl-like 
tufts, entire, often narrow or small. The order embraces 
nearly 100 species; of these Stylidiwm absorbs eighty- 
four, and the remainder are classed under Forstera, Leven- 
hookia, and Phyllachne. 
STYLIDIUM (from stylos, a column; the stamens 
and styles are joined). Syns. Candollea (of Labillardiére), _ 
Ventenatia. ORD. Stylidiew. A genus comprising eighty- © 
four species of beautiful but rare, greenhouse, herbaceous 
perennials, of which one is a native of the East Indies, 
and the rest are Australian (one being also dispersed over 
tropical Asia). Flowers in racemes, panicles, or corymbose 
cymes, on terminal peduncles or radical scapes; calyx — 
lobes five, more or less united in two lips; corolla irre- 
gular, one of the lobes (labellum) much smaller and 
turned down, or rarely nearly as long and curved upwards, 
the other four ascending in pairs; column el 
and bent down or folded, elastic. Fruit a two-celled 
capsule, globose, linear, or lanceolate. The species best- 
known to cultivation are described below. They thrive 
in'a compost of sandy loam and peat. Propagation may — 
be effected by seeds, or, in a few cases, by division of 
the roots; the few shrubby kinds may be increased by 
cuttings. 
. adnatum (adhering). fl. pink, in nearly sessile clusters along 
we rachis ; ike lik panicles or compound racemes dense, 
usually rather short and nearly sessile, but sometimes 6in. to 10in, 
long. July. l scattered along the stem; u ones crowded in 
a terminal, whorl-like eo a but 25 epera gigi narrow, 
i imens rather broad, and from 4in, & 
Stews Sin, to nearly Lain, long, 1604. (B M. 3816 and R. 1465, 
under name of S. fasciculatum.) 
breviatum (shortened). f/i., inflorescence rarely above 
en me and very dense. /. narrow or broad. (B. M. , and 
B. R. 914, under name of S. adnatum.) 
S. armeria (Armeria-like). A synonym of S. graminifolium. 
Brunonianum (Brown’s). fl. pink; calyx lobes free; corolla 
oe accom to the nally raceme loose, 2in. to 4in. long, 
many-fiowered ; lft. to ee with two to five w j 
of narrow leaves. June. l, cal ones linear to oblanceolate, 
acute or rarely almost obtuse, lin. to 2in. or more long, rather 
“flaccid. 1841." (B. R. 1841, 16.) 
(bulb-bearing, large-fruited).* 
free, very obtuse; corolla with- 
S. bulbiferum 
ish- le ; calyx lo 
cu inh: hapis or pedicels jin. to 2in. long, with a- 
loose, almost corymbose raceme of three to seven flowers. May. 
fr almost sessile, eight to nine lines long. l. very narrow-linear, 
scarcely acute, din. to over fin. long, densely tufted at the ends 
8x 
