AN ENCYCLOPAEDIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 
527 
SUPERVOLUTE. When one edge is rolled in- 
wards, and is enveloped by the opposite edge also rolled 
inwards: e.g., the leaves of an Apricot-tree. 
SUPINE. Lying flat, with face upwards. 
SUPPRESSION. Complete abortion. 
SUPRA. A term which, used in Latin compounds, 
signifies above; e.g., Supra-axillary, growing above an 
axil; Supra-foliaceous, growing above a leaf, 
SUPRA-DECOMPOUND. Many times compound: 
e.g., the leaves of Carrot, Fennel, &c. 
SURCULOSE. Producing suckers. 
SURCULUS. A sucker; a shoot rising from under- 
ground. 
SURFACE CATERPILLARS, or SURFACE 
GRUBS. The larve of several species of Moths, 
chiefly Triphena pronuba, Agrotis segetum, and A. eg- 
clamationis. The name is given to these larve 
because of their habit of living just below the surface 
of the soil during the day, coming out to feed at night 
on low plants and herbs. They are much in the habit 
of gnawing through the stems of herbaceous plants below 
the soil, just where the stems join the roots, and thus 
cause the plants to wither without any evident reason. 
In winter, they also frequently eat their way into fleshy 
tubers (potatoes) and tuberous roots (turnips, &c.), Asters, 
many weeds, &c., and do considerable damage. In 
spring, the larve become pupæ in earthen cocoons; and 
in summer, the moths emerge. Plants suffer most from 
the larve in ungenial summers, when growth is slow; 
and the damage then done permanently injures them. 
Rains occasionally enable plants to recover, even when 
they have suffered severely. Further information about 
these larve will be found under Noctua; and the best 
remedies are mentioned under that heading. 
SUSARIUM. 
(which see). 
SUTHERLANDIA (named in honour of James 
Sutherland, Superintendent of the Royal Botanic Garden 
at Edinburgh; he published, in 1683, “Hortus Medicus 
Edinburgensis ”). Orp. Leguminosw. A monotypic 
genus. The species is a canescent, half-hardy shrub, 
very handsome when in flower. It succeeds best in a 
compost of loam and peat; and may be readily increased 
by seeds, or by young cuttings. 
S. frutescens (shrubby).* Bladder Senna of the Cape. fl. scarlet 
or bright red, handsome, in axillary racemes ; calyx five-toothed ; 
standard oblong, shorter than the boat-shaped keel; wings very 
short. June. fr. a curious, papery, inflated, many-seeded pod. 
l. impari-pinnate ; leaflets numerous, elliptic or oblong, entire, 
exstipellate ; stipules small, narrow. A. about 3ft. South Africa, 
(B. M. 181, under name of Colutea frutescens.) 
S, f. microphylla (small-leaved). jl. two or three to a peduncle. 
ne oblong-linear, glabrous above, pubescent beneath. 
A synonym of Symphyostemon 
SUTRINA (said to be the native name in Peru). 
ORD. Orchidew. A monotypic genus. The species—a 
dwarf, stove, epiphytal orchid, with scattered-racemose, 
medium-sized flowers, an erect, simple scape, coriaceous 
leaves, and a very short, one or two-sheathed stem—is 
a native of Peru, and is unknown to cultivation. 
SUTTONIA (named in honour of the Rev. Dr. 
Sutton, 1756-1846, an English botanist). Orp. Myrsinee. 
A small genus of greenhouse, evergreen shrubs or small 
trees, natives of New Zealand and the Sandwich Islands. 
Suttonia is now included, by Bentham and Hooker, 
under Myrsine; it only differs in having its petals free 
as far as the base, and its stigma sub-sessile. The only 
Suttonia—continued. 
species calling for mention here is S. australis. 
culture, see Ardisiz,. 
» australis (Southern). j. minute, in capitate, lateral fascicles. 
l. lin, to 1fin. long, oblong or obovate, obtuse, coriaceous, undu- 
lated, much-veined, studded with rounded, pellucid glands. 
h. 8ft. to 10ft. New Zealand. A perfectly glabrous shrub, with 
its bark nearly black. Its proper name, according to Hooker, is 
Myrsine Urvillei. 
SUTURE. The line of junction of two different 
parts. Sutural dehiscence is the act of splitting along 
the line of junction of two valves, 
SWAINSONA (named in honour of Isaac Swainson, 
F.R.S., a celebrated cultivator of plants, about the end 
of the last century, at Twickenham). Including Qyclo- 
gyne. ORD. Legwminose. A genus comprising about 
twenty-three species of very elegant, greenhouse herbs 
or sub-shrubs; one is a native of New Zealand, and the 
rest are Australian. Flowers bluish-violet, purple, red, 
rarely white or yellow, disposed in axillary, often pedun- 
culate racemes; calyx teeth sub-equal, or the two upper 
ones shorter; standard orbicular or reniform, spreading 
or reflexed; wings oblong, faleate or slightly twisted, 
often shorter than the broad, incurved keel; bracts 
membranous, usually narrow or small, Pods ovoid or 
oblong, turgid or inflated. Leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets 
numerous, entire, exstipellate; stipules usually herba- 
ceous, rarely bristly. The species best known to culti- 
vators are described below. ‘They are all Australian, 
and well deserve a place in every greenhouse, thriving 
in a mixture of sandy loam and peat. Propagation may 
be readily effected by young cuttings, inserted in sand, 
under a glass; or by seeds. 
S. atrococcinea (dark scirlet). Probably a garden name for a 
form of S. galegifolia. 
canescens (hoary). ji. blue or violet-purple, variegated with 
pink, and with a blotch at the base of the Mis ety nearly 
sessile ; calyx silky-hairy; keel much curved; racemes many- 
flowered, on long, silky-villous peduncles. May. l, leaflets nine 
to fifteen, obovate or oblong-elliptic, obtuse.or retuse, 4in. to lin. 
long, nearly glabrous above, softly pubescent beneath. Stock 
woody, with erect, but herbaceous, stems, Ift.:to 2ft. high. 
(P. M B. vii, 199, under name of Cyclogyne canescens.) 
S. coronillæfolia (Coronilla-leaved). A form of S. galegifolia. 
S. galegifolia (Galega-leaved).* f. deep red, rather large; 
cer te having ies ita Siloailiie above the claw; racemes 
pedunculate, exceeding the leaves, and sometimes twice as long. 
July. J., leaflets eleven to twenty-one, or rarely more, oblong, 
obtuse or emarginate, gers d sin. to Zin. long. 1800. A glabrous 
perennial or sub-shrub, with erect, flexuous branches, lft. high, 
or sometimes climbing to several feet. (L. J. F, 504, under name 
of S. Osbornii; A. B. R. 319, under name of riera ie: 
B. M. 792, under name of Colutea galegifolia.) S. pgp nden R. 
994 ; L. B. C. 1642) is a form with white flowers, and _S. coronille- 
folia (B. M. 1725) has light purplish-pink flowers. The plants in 
gardens under names of S. atroci , S. magnifica, and S. pur- 
purea are probably forms of this species. 
Greyana (Grey’s).* Darling River or Poison Pea. fl. pink, 
go in long, saa pedunculate racemes; calyx densely cottony- 
white, longer than the pedicels; standard jin. in diameter. 
July. Z, leaflets eleven to twenty-one, oblong, obtuse or retuse, 
fin. to lin., or sometimes a long. Stems erect or ere 
2ft. to 3ft. high. 1844. Perennial herb or sub-shrub, (B, 
4416; B. R. , 66.) i 
lessertiifolia (Lessertia-leaved). f. violet-purple, rather 
small, in short r : h ti reduced to u Boe te eain 
on peduncles lo: than the leaves; standard without callo- 
sities. July. Z, feaflets nine to fifteen, or rarely more, oblong, 
obtuse, mucronate, or almost acute, }in. to lin. long, Stems 
diffuse or ascending, lft. to 14ft. high. 1824. Perennial herb. 
S. (magnificent), of gardens. Probably a form of 
S. MBIA. 
occidentalis (Western). fl. purple, numerous, in long, pedun- 
en racemes; calyx sparsel hate ; standard jin. broad, but 
not so long. Summer. L, ets eleven to seventeen, or occa- 
sionally more, oblong, obtuse, or acute, jin. to nearly lin. long. 
Stems usually erect, and bent in zigzag form at the nodes. 
h. 2ft. to 3it. A glabrous or pubescent perennial. (B. M. 5490.) 
procumbens (procumbent). fl. violet or blue, large and 
B nt, di z a loose raceme, on a peduncle often attain- 
ing 1ft. ; standard about lin. long, deeply emarginate, without 
pn Snie keel much incurved. Summer. Z., leaflets eleven to 
For 
S. 
