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AN ENCYCLOPADIA 
Swertia—continued. 
S. purpurascens (purplish). f. purple or dark red; sepals 
peg corolla lobes iin. long, ovate, much reflexed ; ea 
divaricate, many-flowered, leafy. June. J. oblong or lanceolate, 
lżin. long, narrowed at base; the lowest ones nearly obtuse, 
t a uppermost ones acute, glabrous. Stems 8in. to 3ft. high. 
1840. ‘ 
S. trichotoma (trichotomous). fl. white; corolla lobes often 
caudate; pedicels in. to lłin. long, numerous, umbelled or 
clustered at the ends of the cyme branches. Summer. 1., upper 
cauline ones elliptic-lanceolate. k. lft. to 14ft. 1863. This is 
closely allied to S. corymbosa. (B. M. 5397, under name of 
Ophelia umbellata.) 
SWIETENIA (named in honour of Gerard von 
Swieten, 1700-1772, a Dutch botanist and author). ORD. 
Meliacee. A monotypic genus. The species is a tall, 
stove tree, with fuscous-red wood—well known as Maho- 
gany, and extensively employed in the manufacture of 
furniture, &c. 9. Mahagoni thrives in a compost of loam 
and sand. It may be increased by ripened cuttings, 
with the leaves intact, inserted in sand, under a hand- 
glass, in heat. y 
. M - oe ish- i 
Be smog ig Seb terminal be mua cali n rA real She a fve, 
imbricated. May. J. abruptly pinnate, highly glabrous ; leaflets 
opposite, petiolulate, oblique, ovate, long-acuminate. h. 70ft. 
Central America and the Antilles, 1734 
SWIFT MOTHS. See Otter Moth. 
SWISS STONE PINE. See Pinus Cembra. 
SWORD LILY. A common name for Gladiolus. 
SYAGRUS (the old Greek name of a Palm, men- 
tioned by Pliny). ORD. Palme. A small genus of stove, 
unarmed Palms, now included, by Bentham and Hooker, 
under Cocos. Flower-spike enveloped in a double spathe. 
Shell of the fruit hard and bony, having a broad, smooth 
band or channel running from each of the three pores, 
and meeting at the top; seed oily, sometimes hollow, 
inclosed in a hard, bony shell, surrounded by a fibrous 
nd Leaves terminal, pinnatisect. For culture, see 
ocos, 
S. amara (bitter). jl., inner leaflets of the males linear-oblong ; 
females ovate-globose. fr. ovoid-oblong, blunt at both ends, 3in. 
long. 1., oe linear, acuminate. Trunk 60ft. to 100ft. or 
more in height. Jamaica. In habit this species closely resembles 
Cocos nucifera. 
8. botryophora (cluster-bearing). fl., spate secund, as long as 
the spadix, sulcate ; spadix 1}ft. or more long. J. erecto-patent, 
9ft. to 10ft. long; pinne opposite or grouped, lift. to 2ft. lo: 
linear, acuminate, obliquely adnate, slightly crisped. Tru 
PTP. De 50ft. to 60ft. high, 6in. to 10in. thick. Bahia, 1836. Syn. 
Attalea grandis. 
8. campestris (field-loving).* fl., spathe as long as the spadix ; 
spadix 14ft. long, Rake e when Torati, nodding in fruit. 
l. spreading, 2ft. to 6ft. or more long ; pinnæ 14ft. to 2ft. long, not 
more than sin. broad; petioles broadly sheathing and very thick, 
clothed at the edges with woody, brown fibres, and armed with 
a few stout, dark reddish-brown spines on the naked portion. 
Trunk swoll 3 i iehly u 
mental plan "Bi at base. Brazil. An elegant and highly orna 
S. cocoides (Cocos-like).* fi, yellowish-white, rather large ; outer 
spathe lft. long, obtuse, navicular, ferruginous-tomentose outside, 
within at first yellowish-white, at length fuscous ; inner spathe, 
together with the compressed-terete peduncle, 14ft. long ; spadix 
slightly and simply branched, drooping, lłft. long, nodding or 
pendulous, and 2ft. long when fruiting. J. all terminal, rather 
loose, erecto-patent, arcuate, tufted, dit. to 6ft. long, pinnate ; 
poe linear, narrow, slightly curled, the adults 9in. to 12in. long, 
ear-lanceolate, acuminate, highly glabrous. Trunk 8ft. to 10ft. 
high, 2in. to Zin. thick. Brazil, 1823. 
8. comosa (tufted). jl., spathe fusiform, sulcate ; spadix lft. or 
} long, with five, six, or numerous flexuous branches. fr. 
Ty, oblong or ovate-oblong, glabrous. i. 3ft. to 4ft. long, 
Spreading ; pinnz erect, approximate, lanceolate, obliquely ad- 
= Trunk 10ft. or rarely more in height, annulate below. 
? 
(Sancona). fl., outer spathe smaller; inner one fusi- 
form, 3ft. long, opening at back; spadix simply branched ; in- 
Vol. IIL 
OF HORTICULTURE, 529 
Syagrus—continued. 
florescence moncecious, axillary. fr. o e, ovoid, glabrous, 
smooth. J. 8ft. long, reticulate and sheath ng at base, spread- 
ing ; leaflets about 180 on each side, aggregate in threes, fours, or 
fives, linear, acute, glabrous, papyraceous, 2ft. long, 2in. broad. 
Trunk 60ft. to 80ft. high, 6in. thick. Brazil. 
SYCAMINE-TREE. A Scriptural name for the 
Mulberry-tree. See Morus. 
SYCAMORE-TREE. See Acer Pseudo-pla- 
tanus. The name is also applied to Platanus occidentalis 
and other species. 
SYCHINIUM. A synonym of Dorstenia. 
SYCOMORE FIG-TREE. See Sycomorus anti- 
quorum (the proper name of which is now Ficus Syco- 
morus). 
SYCOMORUS (the old Greek name used by Dios- 
corides; from sycos, a fig, and moros, a mulberry). ORD. 
Urticacee. A genus comprising nearly a score species 
of stove or greenhouse trees, confined to the Old World, 
now included, by the authors of the “ Genera Plantarum,” 
under Ficus. Male flowers sessile, the perianth three 
or rarely two-parted; females sessile or pedicellate, the 
perianth three or many - parted. Leaves alternate, 
rounded-cordate or oblong, entire or serrated, glabrous, 
puberulous, or rough. Only a couple of species call for 
description here. They thrive in sandy loam, with the 
addition of a little leaf soil, and only small pots, in 
comparison to the size of plant, need be used. Plenty 
of syringing, or occasional sponging, will keep the leaves 
clean, and almost any amount of water may be applied 
to the roots. The plants are readily propagated by cut- 
tings or eyes, having a leaf attached, inserted in a close 
frame, inside a propagating house, in early spring. 
S. antiquorum (ancients’). Pharaoh’s Fig; Sycomore Fig-tree. - 
ji. greenish or yellowish, racemose, unculate. l. ovate, 
ey pt ee ee 
, Or S. A , 
polola ge pa be rr slightly hairy. Egypt. Syn. Ficus 
sS. EEST (Cape). l. ovate or ovate-oblong, attenuated and 
~~ obtuse at apex, rounded ‘or sub-emarginate and entire 
at , the rest deeply dentate-serrate, glabrous, smooth, three 
or four times as long as the petioles. Cape of Good Hope, 1816. 
SYEKESIA. A synonym of Gertnera (which see). 
SYLVESTRIS. Growing in woods. 
SYMEA. A synonym of Solaria (which see). 
SYMMETRICAL. Regular as to the number of 
parts or as to shape: e.g., a flower with five sepals, five 
petals, and five, ten, or fifteen stamens. 
'ALOUS. The same as Monopetalous 
(which see). 
CHNE. A synonym of Eriocaulon 
(which see). 
SYMPHORIA. A synonym of Symphoricarpus 
(which see). 
SYMPHORICARPUS (from symphoreo, to bear 
together, and karpos, fruit; in allusion to the clusters 
of berries). St. Peter's Wort; Snowberry-tree. SYN. 
Symphoria. ORD. Caprifoliaceæ. A genus comprising 
about half-a-dozen species of handsome, dwarf, hardy, 
deciduous shrubs, natives of North America and the 
mountains of Mexico. Flowers white or pink, * small, 
disposed in short, axillary racemes or spikes; calyx tube 
sub-globose, the limb somewhat irregularly four or five- 
toothed; corolla funnel-shaped or campanulate, the limb 
four or five-lobed; stamens four or five. Drupes white 
or red, baccate, ovoid or globose, fleshy, four-stoned. 
Leaves opposite, shortly petiolate, ovate, entire or, on 
young plants, sinuate-toothed. Four of the species have 
been introduced. They are of very simple oT in 
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