ANATOMICAL CHARACTERS OF THE SEEDS OF 

 LEGUiMINOSAE, CHIEFLY GENERA OF GRAY'S 

 MANUAL.* 



L. H. Pammel. 



At the suggestion of Professor Trelease, the writer (7P5)t 

 made a study of the seeds of several leguminous plants in 

 1885. The genera Gymnocladus^ Mucuna, Phaseolus, and 

 Physostigma revealed so many interesting points that a com- 

 parative study of the genera, chiefly of Gray's Manual, was 

 begun in 1886 and 1887 but, owing to other work, it was 

 dropped and not till the year 1896 did I have an opportunity 

 to take the subject up again. Since 1885 many papers bearing 

 on the subject of seeds have appeared. 



It gives me great pleasure to acknowledge the assistance 

 received from Professor Trelease, who has given me every 

 facility of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Such literature 

 as was needed was cheerfully obtained for me. I desire also 

 to thank Miss Charlotte M. King for the reproduction of 

 my drawings, and Mr. C. R. Ball, for several favors shown 

 me. 



HISTORICAL. 



The first account of leguminous seeds we owe to Marcellus 

 Malpighi (161, 87./. 301-302), 1687, who states that what 

 are now known as Malpighian cells (ducts) are partitioned. 

 Gartner (67, 2: 301-352. pi. 144-156), 1791, in his 

 classic work, described chiefly .the external characters of 

 seeds, but in some cases the structure of the testa, endo- 

 sperm, and embryo are given. Rudolph Boehmer ( 21 ), 1785, 

 in a general way also treats of seeds. Bischoff (17), 1833, 

 briefly describes the testa of Vicia Faba and Cicer arietinum. 



* Presented to The Academy of Science of St. Louis, by title, Mar. 20, 

 1899. — A tliesis for tlie degree of Doctor of Philosophy, submitted to the 

 Faculty of Washington University, March, 1899. 



t The number in parenthesis refers to bibliography at the end of paper. 



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