Pammel — Anatomical Characters of Seeds of Leguminosae. 187 



PisuM, Tourn. 



Testa well developed. Pigment greenish-yellow, or brown- 

 ish. Nutrient layer well-developed, thin-walled. Endosperm 

 absent or appearing only as a remnant. Sempolowski wrongly 

 called the inner part of the nutrient layer the endosperm, 

 Schleiden and Vogel, and Chalon considered the seed of 

 P. sativum as exalbumiuous. Pringsheim, in 1848, gave a 

 full account of the structure of the testa in his inaugural 

 thesis. Sempolowski and Harz describe the species in detail. 

 Eussow studied only the light line. Tschirch and Oesterle, 

 Tschirch, Hanausek, and other writers on food products, have 

 described the testa and starch. The authors of numerous 

 text-books on botan}^, like Hoffmeister, Strasburger, Sachs, 

 and others, have given accounts of the starch and protein 

 grains. Mattirolo and Buscalioni describe the anatomical 

 characters of P. thebaicum^ Willd. and P. quadralum. The 

 germination of the common garden pea is described by Marek. 

 Gray and other writers also describe its germination ; Dahmen, 

 the anatomy and physiology of the funiculus ; Holfert, the 

 nutrient layer ; and Pfeiffer, the nature of the funiculus. 

 Numerous chemical analyses have been made of the seed, 

 which have been brought together by Harz, Konig, Jenkins 

 and Winton ; and Likiernik studied some of the special 

 chemical products of the testa. 



PiSUM SATIVUM, L. 

 PL XXX. f. 1 . 



Harz and other writers on economic food products have 

 discussed the structure of the testa and cotyledons. 



Malpighian. The cells are 96-100 /^ long. The thin cuti- 

 cle is uneven on the surface; the cuticularized layer is but 

 slightly developed; light line occurs just below the enlarged 

 points of the pore-canals; the cell-cavity is wide at the base, 

 somewhat irregular, with one or more cbromatophores. 



Osteosclerid. The cells are 40-45 /* long, somewhat 

 I-shaped, with small intercellular spaces; the walls are marked 

 with longitudinal pore-canals, which, however, are not so 

 pronounced as in Lathynis. 



Nutrient. This layer consists of 10 to 20 rows of elongated. 



